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\lNETY-\lNTH ANNIVERSARY 






VMERICAN J NDKFKNDKNCE. 



,,,... . . , . . .... 

■ '« ' » • • 



JULY 5th, 1875. 






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P II 1 I. \ I) 1 I. I' II I \ : 

KIN. . i: v I 

i «75- 



4 



C K I, K 1 !-1{ AT 1 0]Sf 



Ninety-Ninth A n n i versa ry 



AMERICAN INDEPENDENCE 




. m v 







v 



IN FAIRMOUNT PARK PHILADELPHIA, 
July 5th, 1 -;. 



I ISA' 




Uei\tei\i\ici] l>oai\l oi Finaiicc. 



PR, 

JOHN WELSH, Philadelphia. 



. 



WILLI \ M SE I.I Philadblpbia. 

J O H MA. 



DIRECTORS. 



M. Fox, . . . 

■A«, . . 

\I. Bam 

N Parker Shorts 

Javies M. Roeb, . . . 

Edward T. Steel, . . 

<er, . . 

■ Price Wei hi rill, 

A'insor, . . . 

J.I1TLE, . . . 



Philn.K 
Philaili 
Philadelphia. 

lelphia. 
Philadelphia. 
Philadi 
Philad 
Pbiladi 
Philadelphia. 

lelphia. 
Philadelphia. 



John Baird, . . 
A. S. Hewitt, 

Wi: 

John Gorham, . 

Chai 

William Biglir, . 

J B. Dx iM, . . 
George B .in, . . 



. Philadelphia. 

. New York. 

Nov 'i 

Rhode Island. 
Pet 

Pennsylvania. 
Alabama. 

Mi "iiri. 



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SECRETARY AND TREAS: 

Fi ICK FRALEY. 

Office, 90+ Walnut Street, Philadelphia. 









<,"> 




A. 



s~ 




■■•., 




THE EXHIBITION GROUNDS. 



Tlic reservation in the Park exclusively for exhibition purposes lies along the « 

■ the river, and embrace* 236 acres; the ground rises a hundred . e the 

, ind extend- in a plain to the hillsides along in western border. The buil 
arc lot tted mainly in a y convenient d 

e they arc sun to great advantage, extend the now DC 
-. II ill, and beyond the long glass and iron the Main 1 

Building — together, four I in an almost continuous line. South of the 

Mh In: s 1 1 ill, the completed structure for the offices of the wee. 

Intermediate between the two great buildings will be the jury I • • ie Com mil 

I, and midway ol the great Exhibition Building, stands thi N Memorial, 

in which will be placed the art exhibit chibition — its granite walls already 

:n iron dome and ■ f Columbia. Nor ward still, and 

bold and clear in the sunlight, the 
e green m ind the Schuylkill river. Still 

It a grove . in harm" 

d the buil :ure. I he space lying between the 

Machinery Hall, the 1 I ot the hill, is laid out as the gard 

the Exhibition. This garden display* in emenl t" 1 iturcs: tin 

an av s I if the hill, 

inter-. i Park drive— I- 1 lie four blocks or a 1 

this intersection arc :i the hill, Belmont Ai 

and Fountain Avenue, is to be occupied by the 1 , the 

i, and other bulletin i . .vern- 

ment. The block boundi enue and Machinery II 

distil- le an artificial lake. I; yond the Park drive, on the north side of 

tl Woman's Department) and south 
ot tl.,- Fountain Avenue, and ling id' the Japanese 

I 
here — the Centennial Fountain, on Fountain Avenue, near the foot of the hill. 
the Columbus Monument, near the inlet '■ in is 

the centre ot which are t 

and i ivenue extending :ii side ol . Building 

and Machinery Mill to tlic Art Gallery, 
M 



Gentlemen : — The Committee on the Celebration of July 
4th, 1875 (celebrated on the 5th), respectfully report: 

We met in the rooms of the Board, No. 904 Walnut street, 
and at the offices of the Board on the Centennial grounds, on 
the following days: May 19th, Mr [ay 79th, June ad, 

June 9th, June 15th, June 19th, June 23d, June 28th, June 
30th, July 3d, and July 5th, at 11 o'clock a. m., and at 4 
o'clock p. m., on July 9th, July 14th, and July 16th. 

Our body as first organized was increased by the addition 
of the heads of the Bureaus of the Commission; Mr. Hermann 
J. Schwarzmann, Architect of the National Memorial, and Mr. 
I! Petti A chitect of the Main Exhibition Building and 

M ichinery Hall. 

Having ascertained, by reports from our several members at 
the earlier meetings of the Committee, what features for an 
appropriate observance of the day could be made available, 
and the necessary expense which would probably be incurred 
in their carrying out, the Committee determined upon the 
general character of the whole celebration ; and as soon as 
reliable sources of revenue for the necessary expenditures were 
secured, issued the following outline of a Programme for public 
information : 



6 

PROGRAMME OF CEREMON11 

or tiii 

fUincty-fJlhitb ^\n)ul)crs;ini of ^\iiicric;in ^lliibcpcnbciuc, 

IN FAtBM .1 v i- PARK, 1 • H l I . \ IJ l . I . l ' I I I v. 
,////// .11 h. 1875. 



5 ' ite l if V'iHery, at < i 1 (ill. 

—Military Review, at I 
i — Ceremonies of 1 h. 

/«c£ — Concert of the Pupils of the Grammar S hools, in M ichii 

pher Columbus Monument \ it intersection of 

moot and Centennial Avenues. 
!• — Breaki ■ ; >t. 

2 o'clock — Th 

j o'clock — Bi I tround for the Ccntcnni.nl Fountain of the C. I. V ' 

t the terminus of Cent , near Machii 

ami Orchestra, in Michinerv Hall. 
R ;g uta of Schu> lkill N 
'■. 
S o'clock — Fireworks. 

Sub-Committees were then formed and assigned special 
duties; as thus constituted the Committee remained without 
change till the close of the duties of the whole. 

Invitations were ev to the (i »vernor of the State to 

preside over the whole celebration, and to the Comm 

Agriculture to deliver an oration at the site of the Agri- 
cultural Hall, and their acceptances received. 

The Mayor and city authorities were notified of the demon- 
stration, and invitations issued to them to participate in and 
lend the sanction of their presence and approval of this observ- 
ance of the day. 

On consultation with Committees of the Park Commission, 
the Councils' Committee, and the various societies, we then 
completed the derails of the several ceremonies and issued a 
second and complete Programme in the following form: 



OF A 



PROGRAM M E 



ci',i;r,\io\n;s 



NINETY-NINTH ANNIVERSARY 



OF 



a m i;i;k a x i x di:im;xi)i:x( k. 




FAIRMOUNT PARK, PHILADELPHIA, 
Ji i.v 5th, 1875. 



BY ORDER rii * THE Cfl f BR »TIO*. 



CELEtiRATlOX OF THE .: ■fERSAKV 



UNDER I in: UJSPICES OF THE CENTENNIAL 1'.<»\RD OF 
FINANCE, INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1S76. 



COMMITTEE 

T II K 

dKi,K in; at u\\" 

OF TIIR 

\ iix'iy-N ini li A tiniversary 

or 

A^I ERICA X IN DEPENDENT IE, 

July 5th, 1S75. 

Mr. John Baird, Chairman. 

On Military. — Col. Harmanus Neff. 

On Miuie. — Mr. Simon Gratz. 

On Transportation. — Capt. Dolphus Torrey, Mr. Shotwell. 

On Restaurants. — Mr. John Blird, Mr. John L. Shoemaker. 

On Ceremonies. — Mr. Charles S. Keyser. 

On Decoration. — Mr. Henry Pettit, Capt. John S. Albert, Capt. Joseph Hirst. 

On Fireworks. — Mr. John L. Shocm.iker. 

On F.'<u'ers.—yU. Charles H. Miller. 

On Invitations. — Mr. Thomas Cochran, Mr. John L. Shoemaker. 

On the Regatta. — Commodore James M. Ferguson. 

On Reception. — Capt. Joseph Hirst, Mr. I) irsey Gardner. M . 

Mr. Hermann J. Schwarzmann. 
On Subscriptions.— Capt. Dolphin Torrey, Mr. A! >nzo Shotwcll. 
On Finance. — Mr. Thomas Cochran, Mr. Clement M. B 
GENERAL C. D. Norton, Secretary. 



OF AM 



SUNRISE. 

Artillery Salute at Ce,,r : /e's //ill. 
BY THE KEYSTONE BATTERY. 

EIGHT O'CLOCK A. M. 



HKYIKW AT r.KI.\M\T 
TIIK FIRST DIVISION NATIONAL GUARD OF PENNA 

BV MAJOR GENERAL JOSEPH R. HAWL1 

PBiaiDBltT OP Till IT. i. CIXrOTMlAL COBMi.- 



FORMATION OF THE DIVISION. 

BRIGADIER GENERAL I. oris WAGNER, . Commanding 1 

i.iilt. Col. Gcoaoi H Nortb Aatutaat Adjutant Gcnr 

Major James R MULUKM Acting Division Insp 

Mam H. Earnest Goorvixs-, M D, Acting Division Surgeon. 

Capt. Richard R. Campion Actin. rtennatter. 

L'apt. Louis J. Ladner Aide de Camp. 

Capt. Georce P. Eldredce, . Aide de Camp. 

P. R. M. J. Reed, Paymaster, 3d Rcg't N. G. Pa , Acting Aide de Camp. 

First Lieut. S. H. Martin, 6th Reg't ~N. G. Pa., . Acting Aide de Camp. 

STR8T 1 ii.'i. , \ rim. 
COL. PETF.R I.VI.E. td Rr^'t N. G. of Pa., and Brevet Brig. GenM 

v<T AojUTAKT ClUiatL 

First Troop Philadelphia City Cavalry, Lir.it. A .minding. 

KtrtTOMI BaTTEKi*, Capt. S. B. Poulterer, 1 ng. 

Artillery Corps Washington Grays,. . Capt I. 

acoe Legion Capt John P. Dcnnev. Command 

Second Reciment N. G. op Pa., . . . . Lt 

IT N. G. of Pa Lt. Col. J.»lin Maxwell, Commanding. 

SECOND IllMi.ADE. 
COL. J. F. BAI.UIR, j I Krevet Brig. Gen'l U. S. Vol., C 

Bla. ; ; (' r Kleini, Commanding. 

First R- . . . . Co 

Third R. .... 

, Commanding. 

UV 1 TBOOl 

. . . R. J. Rurr, Commanding. 

Cadet Corps Girard Collci.e, M 

M> >v 1 M 1 N 1 

■ an Bclmjoi Drlv« to B< 
f ; lh*nc« to and through Machinery Hall, and thert duniu. 



10 CELEBRAT/OS Of THE WW7I-* tSAKY 



NINE O'CLOCK A. M, 



a;i;i-;\u>\'ii-:s 

at nil Kirs op tiii 

STATUE OF RELIGIOUS LIBERTY. 

BY THE I. O. B'NAI BERITH, 

Ret. CiLoncE Jacob*, President, 
i. Opesinc Prayer. 

2. Address of Welcome, . . I5v Rev. Gmrge Jac 'it of Grin J Lodge. 

•j. Oration, Bj "■' Simon VfoXt, of Washington. 

4. BtstDicnos. 



TEN O'CLOCK A. M. 



,v\ci;i:t 



AT M \- 1 1 I N 1 R"St irATJ., 

BY THE PUPILS OF THE GRAMMAR SCHOOLS. 

PR' 

MR. TH1 "1 AI D HI 

r'ion. 

i. Overture, "FraD ivolo" Military Bind) 



3. March of tin.- Men of Colum irr. Jean 1 

4. American tpourri (Military Band) arr. Hermann, 

5. Native Land (Schools) 

6. Hymn to Spring (Schools), 

7. I I), S/redicAe. 

8. Now to th 

9. Centennial Triumphal March (Military Bind) 

iticTonr it mtimi wunm 

10. Star Spangled Banner (Schools) 

OR0ANIST, PROF. A. BACHMANN. 



of a: II 



ELEVEN O'CLOCK A. M. 



ci;i; i:\10V iks 

it mi lira or im 

>LUMB1 S MONUM I'.XT 

BY Mil CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS MONUMENT ASSOCIATIO 

— Italian National Air, " Ite." 

ioky Ad;< i M. Viti, VicoContnl "f Itily at Phih lelphia. 

•re." 
Orati"S by J'lhn A. >. . I of P phi*, nn "The True Relation! of 

I 
Mi 
Addriss, by Cher. < chj <ic Ca k. 

<ii." 

- Rev. A. Isrilcri, Pa%tor of the Italian Cliurrh, St. 
lalcn de i , ilia. 

At th: 

MUSIC BY THE ITALIAN BERSAGLIERI Bi 

NltLI , LlABl*. 



TWELVE O'CLOCK NOON. 



vji-:i;i-:\io\'n-:s 

OF BREAKING GROUND FOR 

THE AGRICUL1 URAL II ALL. 

Hi. Eictll»ncy. JOHN F. HARTRANFT, Go».rnor of P 

ntennial Orcli- 
PraVCR, by the Re*. W ' ttOH, Rertor of the P. E. Church of tl 

« 

n." 
Brfaking of Groi 

1 , John F. Haruanft. 

IC — " The Greetin 
Add- iculture. 

'■ 

Orthtstra : .M> /Aissler, Hired 



12 CELETRATiOS OF THE V1VSKSAMY 



TWO O'CLOCK P. M. 



v\:\\o\>t\\.\'\'\o\ 

AT THE IITI Of TBI 

HUMBOLDT MONUMENT, 
BY THE CENTENNIAL HUMBOLDT FESTIVAL ASSOCIATION, 

GEORGE K. ZEIGLER, ES;,) ., P.iiidint. 

Music and Song — "Star Spangled Banner." 

Address in English, by Charles S. Keyser, Esq. 

C and Song — " Der Deutsche Maennergesan^" von Abt. 
Address in German, by Dr. G. Kellner. 

Music and Song — " Wacht am Rhcin." 



THREE O'CLOCK P. M. 



^'i;i; i:\io\rLlg 



it tr> am or tub 

C E X T E X X I A L F O U X TAIN. 

J3Y THE 0. T. A. XJ. OF AMERICA. 
REV. PATRICK BYRNE, PaniDU 

i. Music. — "Star Spangled Banner." 

2. Introductory Kemirks by John H. Camp' dent of the Catholic 

Total Abstinence Union of the Arch 1) ocese of Philadelphia. 

3. Music. — "Columbia, the Gem of the Uccan." 

4. Address by Hon. Jos. R. Chandler. 

5. Music. — "Good Luck March." 

6. Ceremonies of breaking of ground for the Fonnt.iin, and remarks by 

Dr. Michael O'Hara, Chairman of the Centennial Committee of the 
Philadelphia Union. 

7. Music.—" Hail Cohim' 

8. Address by R-v. Jas. O'Reilly, Spiritual Director of the C. T. A. U. of 

the Arch Diocese of I hia. 

9. Music— "Hail to the I 

10. Address by Rev. Patrick Byrne, it of Catholic Total Abstinence 

■ ion of America. 

11. Music. — "Wearing of the Green." 

.)fusic by the J/lv Family nice Hani. 

After the ceremonies: the \ -lie* taking part in these several Demonstrations, 

will 1 1 ill, where ample space will be reserved for ili..sc who desire to 

remain during the Concern. 



ERICAX /.SDEPZ.SDkXCE. 



»3 



FOUR O'CLOCK P. M. 



GUAM) lVWKI^ 

AT MACHINERY HALL, 

BY THE CHORAL COMBINATION AND THE ORCHESTRA OF THE CENTENNIAL 

MUSICAL ASSOCIATION. 

Dtitcron or mi Cmjsl-i, Mmn. William WolUEFTBi »nd )■«« 

DutCTOI or m Oschistsa * Hamlh. 

Hrmas a^i "; I, b7 th» OnhMtHk 

I. l.tu:ner. 

IS) ■ • 1 "i-nck. 

3. March of the Men of Columbia (Choral) liirmbj. 

4. P. ley" (Orchestra), 

5. Duct. •■ \lv Love" Female I C 

6. N MutarJ. 

f. M ... ... Meffbter. 

. Kimktl. 
9. The Heaven* arc rdling (( .... ..../> 

li.intc (Ol &r„ult. 

11 ice, Libertj RutimL 

1 : n an J Br ' ■' »"■. 

i). Gloria in I '■■' ""'■ 

Rtinni. 



FIVE O'CLOCK P. M. 

i;i;yii;\v ov tiik scihyi.kim. \\\yy, 

■itiir onmD trum ■iiimii, 
BY COMMODORE JAMES M. FERGUSON, 

AIDED BY VICE COMMODORE JOHN HOCKLEY, JR. 

ired bargee from the " Turtle Rock." 

>ared shells over same con ilk rli a - and Centennial stock. 



SIX O'CLOCK P. M. 



uau.vvv asci:\'su\v 

BY THE WISE FAMILY, 
AT THE OHEAT ROCK. NEAR OIRARD AVENUE BRIDGE. 

la ,n of I W , in the " Qu iker < 

, her rlr.t .wealth.' 

. his 453d ItcemiOO, in the " Kcuub., 



14 CELEBRATION OF THE SINE! Y-X1.STH AHMVKKSAKY 



HALF-PAST EIGHT O'CLOCK P. M. 



I'll;!': Wll!|KS, 
IN" THE GRAND PLAZA, FAIRMOTJNT. 

BY PROF. SAMUEL JA< fCSON. 

i I I md 11 in irarj R i< k • .-nificcnt illumi. 

nati 'i and rrirn 

2. A Tribute to July ath, 1776, commencing tating tire of purple and gold, 

unl 

3. St nbia, opening witli a criintoa scroll. 
+. Chinese Silver Sun. 

6. The V •. itli r'ltiiii! • mr fire«. 

■ 

8. 1 re of green, crimson 

and ; 

9. Pyric Fount wheel of Palestine, illuminated centre of violet and ruby. 

10. A New and Beautiful Figure, il 

,urc, in the centre of 
which will appear the thirteen 01 the Union. 

11. I Union. 
1; P ict. 

■ ith revolving globes; opens with a rol itre of carmine 

mine. 
m ol Freedom. 

—one of the mosl be if the pyrii 

. with a changeable centre of purple and gold. 
iS. Star ot the Union. 
19. The National Coat of Arms. 

New a Superb Gem of Pyrotechny, I to the Centennial. 

Independence and the Centennial, comm ■ th a spirited bombard- 

ment, at the termination of which will appear America, with her right hind 
lence Bell, clutched in the talons of the American 
1 . , bearing the ft irry banner in his beak. America will be 

Banked right and lefi . cly by the coat! ofarmi <-f the State of Pennsylvania 

and the City of Philadelphia, while beneath the pedestal of the statue will burn out 
in letters of living flames that ever memorable declaration — "Proclaim Liberty 
throughout all the land, unto all the inhabitants then 



Illumination of the Centennial grounds, by electric lights on George's Hill and the 

National Memorial. 



i 5 



Invitations* were extended to citizens of prominence, heads 
of the leading institutions of science, labor, finance, 
to the bar, the clergy and the medical professions, military and 
civic orders, the heads of the various institutions of instruction, 
and charitable institutions, to representatives of our own and 
adjoining coun' : in some instances to organizations and 

individuals outside the State. 

It was intended however that the celebration should be only 
il in its charac 

The special objects j 1 by the Committee, subject to 

the leading and essential object, " the appropriate observance 
of the National Anniversary," were to bring to the public notice 
the condition and \ >rk of preparation for the 

libition, to test the facilities for transportation to the 
grounds, and develop them for the coming year. 

In endeavored to relieve the visitors, as far 

lible, from expenditure, making the whole gratuitous for 
the children of the schools; and arranging tor the rest carr 
to the grounds as conveniently and at the lowest rates of fare 
ible ; the entire programme for the day being open to 
every one, and wholly i;ratuitous. 

\ large space' in the Machinery Hall was re tor 

lurants, the sale ot mineral water and ices encoura 
and supplies of these in adequate quantities provided. All 
wines and spirituous liquors w ecluded from the grounds. 

The reports of the Sub-Committees, which we here summarize, 
give the results of the demonstration. 

The general idea of the plan of the celebration being separ- 
ate demonstrations at succeeding hours of the day, in various 

I Appendix, p. 113. 
t 60 X 656 feel, occupied by mineral water %tand» and two revaurantv 



1 6 Cf.li or THE :. -TH ASSIVhX 

portions of the grounds, and a visit to the Machinery Hall 
by all the bodies taking part in the Celebration, at the 
conclusion of their several ceremonies; the Hall its 
made a special feature of the occasion, the visitors concen- 
tratintz, as the Committee had anticipated, in and around 
that Building. 

Stands had been erected by the various oxj ins from 

material furnished by, and provided with decorations by the 
Committee,* as fully as was necessary, but the main decora- 
tion and provision for the comtort of the visitor was in the 
interior and surroundings of the Hall itself. 

Ice was placed in large iron tanks near the Hall and its 
approaches, and sheltered by large tent flies. Each tank was 
furnished with buckets and kept constantly replenished the 
entire day.' 

The Hall was profusely decorated — 7,629 flags : being used 
in the decorations — the coats of arms of all the States and the 
United States being displayed at the rear of the platform, 
erected for the morning and afternoon concerts. Large quan- 
tities of bunting were also used in the decoration. 

The platform erected by Mr. Philip Quigley, under the 
direction of the chairman of the Committee, was an absolutely 
secure structure. It was in form a range of platforms and 
seats extending entirely across the 90 feet span of the Building, 
K4 feet deep, rising nearly to the roof; it was built of joists 
3 X 8, 16 feet long, and contained 130,000 feet of lumber. 

* Noticed more fully in the cour\e of the report. 

t See Appendix, p ic and number of cups, tank* and buckett. 

J All thc*c were loaned by the United Slates Government, and were returned 
without any loss or injury whatever. 41a chain also were borrowed, and all returned 
in the same order. 



OF AMERICAN IK! VCM I" 

Scats were provided for the audience in the same secure 
manner, containing 140,0x30 feet of lumber, senilis.; 1-^46 
persons. The accommodation in the concert portion of the 
I I II being for over 79,000 persons. The whole Hall was at 
times densely filled with the audience. 

In the arrangement of the Committee on reception, a member 
of the general Committee u.is required to be present at each 
ceremonial — the plan, however, concentrating every organization 
at some time during the day, in the Hall, this special Com- 
mittee rem lined there. 

At ten o'clock the Committee received the First Division 
ional Guards, Pennsylvania, the Division entering the North 
in, with company front, countermarching and form- 
ing in mass in the same span. The troops then passing out 
from the Hall and dismissing 

The Committee received his honor the M , the Citv 
incils, members of the State I ;rc, the President 

and members of the Centennial Commission, members of 
the St. Andrews, and the Grocers' Society, Columbus Associ- 
ation, the Board of Finance, and otli 

1 the several stands members of the General Committee 
received General Hawley, President United States Centennial 
Commission, and the officers of the Governor's Staff; Dr. 
Kellner, and the officers and members of the Humboldt Monu- 
ment Association; Mr. John H. Campbell, Pi lent, and the 
officers and members of the Catholic Total Abstinence Union 
of America; Mr. Nunzio Finelli, the President, and the officers 
and members of the Christopher Columbus Monument Asso- 
ciation ; they were detailed also to the stand of the B'nai 
Berith Order, and to the stand of Agriculture. 



• See official report ot numbers, Appendix, p. u+. 

J 



I 8 CELEBRATION OP TUB N1NETY-S1NTH {RY 

trangers and foreigners were sent with ushers to the points 
indicated, or taken in charge by individual members of 
the Committee. 

The order during the whole celebration wis remarkable — due 

mainly to the people, who were a law to tlu - — due a'so 

to the bounteous supply of our excellent ind to the 

general interest taken in the various demonstrations which 

ably occupied their time the entire day. 

The report of Captain Chastcau, from which we now quote, 
is of much interest in this connection. He personally visi- 
ted every stand, with a single exception, during the day, and 
issued his orders with judgment and discretion. His general 
order for the day w;is the exclusion of all drunkenness, all 
fireworks except those ordered by the City Authorities, and 
the utmost non-interference with the inclinations of the people, 
within the limits of order. He came on the ground at the 
early hour of 4 a. m. and continued until 11.30 p. M., and the 
fact that his report does not contain one case of arrest for any 
cause, attests remarkably the order of the whole celebration.' 

The Committee were aided in the. performance of their 
duties by ushers, acting under Mr. George C. Clark, and by a 
detail of men from the Sixth Regiment National Guards Penn- 
sylvania, under command of Captain C. W. Karsnar, First 
Lieutenant Sylvester H. Martin, and Second Lieutenant George 
W. Schall, and eight men from the Park Guard detailed by 
Captain Chasteau. 

The report of the Hospital service also is equally gratify- 
ing, seven cases only from all causes — six from exposure to 
the sun, and a boy with a slight injury to his foot. 1 



* See Appendix, p. 119. 

t See full report, Appendix, p. 130. 



■9 



tie as th be on any similar o . — 

iderable number of pi ithered imt- 

■iut, o;i ii which, by a custom as old as the 

trv, much licen /en, — they arc still more so in a multi- 

tude pi ger than wa chered together 

in any of our cities daring the century. 
I of I a Chasteau* supplements the report 

of the Committee on Transportation, and enables a cl 

to be made. We te the enormous number 

of visitors with full allowance for duplication in all cases, during 
the dav, and the portion only brought by the cars, in the even- 
ing, at fully 300,000* — probably 325,00c — the lesser a much 
I irjer number than was ever assembled at an exhibition on 
any one occasion. 

The report on transportation, meriting a special notice, as 

lly one of the objects of the Committee on the 

Celebration, is given with th« 1 1 pital report, in full in the 

We believe it d - that the carrying capacity of 

our direct railroad lines to the grounds, is now sufficient for 
the average daily attendance of former exhibitions, and capa- 
ble of increase by more frequent trains, for every possible 
requirement of the Centennial Exhibition. 

The celebration brought to a large proportion of our adult 
population, the actual condition an 1 progi the Build- 

of the Exhibition; even in our city there were many 
without personal knowledge of the condition of the Buildii 
tie Machinery Hall with the aisles (in which the g 

ndix, p. 119. 
♦ In the memorable demonstration, July 4th. 1 783, on Bush 
the largest number ever gathered together up to that time. 
| er.dii, p. i aa. 



20 CELEBRATION OP 7 NTH ANNIVERSARY 

concerts were held), roofed and glazed and under the painter's 
hand — and the whole building rapidly approaching completion; 
the National Memorial, the only structure of granite ever 
erected for an exhibition, already with its dome capped by the 
crowning figure; the Grand Conservatory, and the grander 
avenue of flowers approaching completion ; the Main Building 

If standing in almost its entire length like some hi 
reanimating skeleton of the prehistoric world; so much done 
and yet time to lay aside the trowel and let the iron worker's 
hammer fall, for the great Holiday a year before — all this lent 
a greater grandeur, and a more complete content in the pleasures 
of the day. 

The Committee, in conclusion, while sharim; the general 
rion, must not fail to express to the Hoard of Finance 
the lesson of the hour; the celebration was indicative beyond 
any thing else of the intense interest felt by our people in 
the National feature of our coming celebration; and this 
feeling will, from every quarter of our country, gather here 
on that great day, we do not overestimate a million of our 
fellow citizens; these great organizations, which were on this 
occasion represented by thousands, represent themselves tens 
of thousands, and they are but a minority of the organizations 
preparing for the celebration of the great day — it seems to your 
Committee imperative therefore that a general plan of the 
ceremonies should be matured at as earlv a day as practicable. 

JOHN BAIRD, 
C. B. NORTON, 

Secrdary. 



THE MAIN EXHIBITION BUILDING. 

„ , T '' C ' """ Bui i— «*« F the i„„ 

Belmon 

V"" 1 ' ' .*•** daryline,,.,, 

' ndth I— «« b may be exhibited! 

• in width, - 
-ill be ornam, 
■of.,* 
■n length, and north . in „ id , h 

— •" , lice 

" |,nn ""i"; ,,M »**.* 

' , cl "«"'«' ■ f«be 

the building are proj 

JCC ' • , i n,he " n " 

™* .ndcentnd! 

ih .he principal .-,,,, 
the building under ever of tl i 
ie principal >p, 

building ii 

" 1 "' r ' :l1 " n ,he n '"" 1 « id « communica. 
»d , he main port.1 on, he weat ride give, the main 

Agricultural Halls. ' 

' " F the building there are « tow, 

the tower, and the cental p, ^ 

sl "' v ind. 

the build the 

four .owera, 48 feet aquare, riring , t in heigh,, hav, . Ule 

■ • 

THE AREAS COVERED ARE AS FOLLOWS: 
r, 

' . ■ . 

'.ii " 






(») 





■-'■- Henm Pi rn T : „ u | j,,,,.,, M u 

CoHitruitor; RlCHAKh J DoBBlNa. 
' 1,600,000. 



THE CT.RKMONI! S. 



Tin; sauti; of a i;ti i. mm; v. 



1 1 1 1 .1.. 



BY THE KEYSTONE BA 1 1 ERY. 



The Memhers of the R in of the Keystone Battery 

at their Anno night, on Sunday, the 

4th of July. At two o'clock on the morning of the 5th 
they kit the Armory, Lieutenant J. O. Win, . Command- 

ant proceeded to George's Hill, where they arrived 
at 4. ; 1 A. M. 

The in position, pointing over the brow of the hill, 

they commenced firing 'he discharge of the first pi 

the • the hill was run up; thirty-eight rounds « 

. ; the last two " B »0." 



24 



CFl.F.RKATIPX OF THE :T!I AXX1VF.RSARY 



After the firing, Quarter Master Sergeant Clemens Clav, 
breakfasted them from their wagon. 

They then proceeded to Belmont, where they were joined 
by the " Left Section " of the B.ittery, under Command of 
Lieutenant Charles W. Schuellermann. 

There were present in line with the battery, four guns, 
four caissons, two commissioned officers, nine non-commis- 
sioned officers, one guidon, two color bearers, one bugler, 
two artificers, and about fifty cannoneers and drivers. 




Of AMF.lt, . 



t ii !■; 1; I-: v i t w 



AT BELMOS 1 . 



Brigadier General Louis Warner, commanding the First 
sion, reached Belmont about seven o'clock, and about 
half-past seven o'clock most of the troops arrived, the 
majority of them coming by way of the R iding Railroad, 
thence up the glen to the top of the hill near the mansion. 
The scene was a very spirited one as the different organi- 
zations, accompanied by fine bands of music, crossed and 
recrossed the field to their positions in line. 

By eight o'clock the crown of the hill was covered with 
spectators. All things being in readiness half an hour later, 
the bands struck up, and the re officers, consisting of 

M -jor General Joseph R. Hawlev, President of the United 
States Centennial Commission, — Ad j t. Genl. ! W. l.itta, 

— A. A. Genl. P. Stanley Hassinger, — Col. Charles S. Green 
and Col. Robert H. Brinton, Aids de Camp, made a tour of 
the different military 01 rions. They then took position, 

and the troops passed them in review in the following order. 

The formation of the Division was as follows : — 

BR: -I. LOUIS WAGNER, Command!* >v. 

Lieut. Col. George H. North, Atutianl Adj ittnt General. 

Major Jamei R. MUUIKM Acting Division Inspector. 

I H. Earnest Goodman, M. D con. 

Cam - . Richakd R. Campios, \ , •■• i Quartermaster. 

Capt. Louij J. Ladner, Aide de Camp. 

Capt. George P. Eldredge Ai.le de tamp. 

Capt. R. M. J. Rf, tcr, jd Reg't N. G. Pa, Acting Aide de Camp. 

First Lieut. S. H. Martin, 6tli Rcg"t N. G. Pa , . Acting Aide de Camp. 



26 CE: 4/ty 



"FIRST /I///', A ////. 
t OL. PI I I R I ', 

W. i:«»m.. A A 
AR I II. 1.1 RY C ORPS W \-IIi . jo mm. 

V 

wi I II Gil »N, 4 

t Drum I 
OND Rl \ , , 00 men. 

fith Ri 

SIX I II REGIMI N I N. (.. 01 P • 

Girard 

PS, i, IRAK 1 1 

M iJOR HI 

TON] i: \ I I I RY, . I 6; men. 

1 l> 

P PHILADELPHIA CI IV CAVALRY, 

in 



SECOND mm; a />/■:. 

JOHN I BALLIE R, ia., and Brevet ! 

1 1 u. s. \ 

■ -w Band. 

1 IRST REGIMENT N. G. OF PA , 300 men. 

31I Ri 

1 I1IR1) REGIMENT N. G OJ PA , 150 men. 

!mg. 

Mi ( id. 

INFANTRY CORPS, STAT1 FENCIBI nen. 

Band, 

I. LACK. Ill J3 men. 

IPHBR Kl I 
1 el Band. 
1 Rill PROVISIONAL BATTALION, 100 men. 

Lt. COL. K.WMOMi J BURR, Comm 



The 1 1 "id is tii 

Twelfth .1 arricd by Genei 

banner, with a white star. After the revii n march mm 

im panics north on Belmont drive to Belmont avenue, thence tu Machinery 
Hall, where they were litsiiu 



I'll i: NATIONAL MEMORIAL 

(ART GALLERY OF THE EXHIBITION) 

Is located on a line parallel with and northward of the Main Exhibition Building. [| 
on (lie ni'".t comma I the Lan» 

i.il level, the slope d< .kill river. 

Structure is in the modern Renaissance. ire granite, glass 

anil iron. No wo I i- used in the . . and the build n 

itructure in length, no feet in >v 59 feet in height, over a 

basement 12 feet in height, surmounted by a dome. 
The main trout Ithwardj it three distir cv : A main en- 

trance in the centre of the structure, 1 arched da < .|tial 

dimensions j A . end) I nnecting the pat 1 the 

centre — central section — 95 feet .; feet long, 60 feet high ; 

ich 90 feet 
The front or south race of the Ction ilisj- irtccn steps to an 

• wide. The entranci bed doom so feet high and 

1 wide, opening int.. a hall. B ire cln>t < 

Columns. i I t relieved by b 

and 1 i centre of the main frieze is the United 

lllv. 

The main comii 1 inted by a balustrade, with candelabra*, Al cither end are 

, representing science and .11 1. 
rhe dome n the cent; tructure to the height of 1 50 feet from the 

ground. I- 1 iron, an. I bell, 

tr..m which a 1 

the base of the dome. These gr"" iltu , Manufacture, and 

t ..111111 

1 11 h pavilion displays a window 50 feet high and 11 feet wide. [I 
with thirtcm stars in the frieze. 1 t the corners of the building. 

I ire intended to screen the long walls of I 

of five groined archi : form proi 

inward ovi ''' c buildin 

garden plats are each I ;'< feet .1 . ted in the centre with foun- 

tains, ami v ,l,c 

upper line , 35 feet above the ground. Its 

balustrade i^ omamei 

, Hid the cresting* throughout arc highly ornamented. 

1*1 t sides of the structure display the pavilions and the « 

of the pictun I bj live n 

I front is of the same genera) chat tjbutinplace 

of the arcade i hed windows, twelve in number, with an entrance in the 

centres— in all, thirtc< vc in an unbroken line, . • ■ c entire 1. 

,. slr , ,,,„,, , I promenade 275 feet 

and a< feet widi - above thi northward the n 

p moram 1 "t thi P • wds. 

Ar. '. I I, II J. SCHWAKZMAHN. Lomlructor, R. J ! .500,000. 

(al) 










ci:i| i:\io\i i:s 



S I rYTUE OF RELIGIOUS LIBERTY, 

• t mi 

[NDEPI MM \ 1 OR I VI B! Rl I'll. 



The members of the Grand Lodge assembled at the depot 
of the Walnut Street Railway, near the Centennial grounds, 
where they met the other brethren of the Order. 

A procession was then formed, headed by Ex-President 



jD CELEBRATION OF THE l/ti' 

i. Simson, bearing the beautiful fl.ig of Jo=hua Lo 

by the Rev. George Jacobs, President ot 
the Grand I in Kahn, Vice President; Alfred T. 

Samuel Hecht, Treasurer; the speakers ot" 
the day, and the members of the follow I. >ua, 

irun, II.tr Sin u, liar M Leeser, liar Nevoh, 

. Elim, Philadelphia, Keneseth Israel. 
I hey proceeded to the north of the National Memorial, 
where on a knoll of ground covered with wild flowers and 
, a tent formed ot a single Ameri in Rag of lar^e 
;:s arranged, overlooking the whole pano- 
rama of the Park and river. 

The ceremonies were opened with prayer by Rev. S. 
M o r a i s : 

Almighty Gon ! Thy spirit pervades the universe, but 
I ... • ) manifest it amidst multitu 

milled to do tint which is pleasing in 1'hv sight. Lo ! 
" the Sons of the covenant " have gathered round the spot 
they chose as a witness of their gratitude for Thy Kr. 
kin : Vmerica. May thy Divinity hover above 

them and give stability to the work in which they are frater- 
nally ei Grant that a united action, betokening senti- 
ments which ennoble human narure, may draw down Thy 
blessing and this may be seen in the extinction of reliqious 
prejudices and in a brotherly blending ot men of various 
races and creeds. 

I ■ 1 :i\ gracious looks, O Lord, rest on Thy servant, the 

skilful artificer, who, at our bidding, labors to fashion a 

nument d signed to prove our patriotism. Oh, may the 

ne his hands shall have engraven speak to us and to 

t unborn, of the wisdom wherewith The 
low the father of this country, and by which, under Thy 
ividence, our wrongs were avenged and our rights t 

:ed. Let Thy protection of the seed of Abraham be 
further shown, O Eternal, through the representative body 
here convened. Let it be felt in a closer union among all 
the Hebrews of this dear land of our birth or adoption; in a 
union founded upon historic memories; even upon long- 









cherished and undyin m. May the ansn fidelity 

of the free unto Thy revealed truths enhance in the estimation 
of their li religionists the franchises thev enjoy 

and add beauty to liberty. 

And now, with all the fervency of prayer, with every 
pulsation of our hearts, we ask of* Thee, lipotent hi 

to I 'lie richest treasures of Thy goodness upon our re- 

rated republic, steadily leading the van of human progress 
tuse unencumbered by the trammels of barbaric ages. Grant 
that not one of the bright stars in her political hori/.on may be 
dimmed. Deign to make her still more luminous, untii all 
the inhabitants of the earth shall behold and acknowledge 
that Thou, who settest enthroned among the liberal-min 
and generous, she rays of glory upon the asylum of 

the oppressed, that Thou hast appoint ice as her watchful 

i and Prosperity as the tutelary angel thereof. So 
may it be. Amen. 

The K.v. George Jacobs, President of District Grand 
LodL "^ 3, then welcomed the order to the ground. 

/,"/ of t: 

Trick / !) : 

\s President of District Grand Lodge No. 3, and on 

ilf of the Centennial Committee of our order, I welcome 

you to this spot, which is henceforth to become endeared to 

every American heart, whether its possessor be born on the 

soil or is one of its adopted citizens. 

The memories evoked in celebrating this Festival of politi- 
cal liberty, come with greater force to the Israelite than to 
almost any other denomination or people, for we are re- 
minded to-day, as we are gathered around this hill, of that 
great convocation of our anc< iround Mount Sinai, 

where the notes of political and religious libertv first re- 
sounded, and man was "endowed" with those "inalienable 
rights, life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness," and cherish- 
ing what had been implanted in the human heart three 
thousand years before, the great American nation laid the 
foundation of a Republic where all men were to be free 
and equal ; where a haven of rest would give 1 and 

protection to all who were oppressed, and where a kind 



32 Of THM MNETY-trnmi ANNIVERSARY 

new mother could be found in the new world to replace 
the harsh old mother in the old world. 

On this spot will be unveiled Israel's tribute, which will 
represent "the triumph of religious liberty " — lit subject for 
expt the emotions of our hearts ; tit contribution to 

the Centennial celebration, since it is to place, in the light 
of" open day, the greatest glory of the American nation, 
the foundation of the Republic, which will cause it to be- 
come each day more lasting and permanent as long as these 
principles are trulv adhered to, and every attempt to sub- 
vert them is trodden under foot. 

The soil, of which we are to take possession to-day, will 
become almost " holv ground,' and there will be pilgrims 
in 1876 who will regard the figures erected here as some- 
thing more than marble or sculptured effigy, but as drawing 
forth emotions to which mere words cannot do full justice. 

when the Israelii bere in sialic of the man- 

sion, in which lived an honored brother of our people," when 
he reflects on the fact that the marble, chiselled by Jewish 
hands, came from a country where, but a few years ago, 
the ghettos barred our people from free and open inter- 
course with their fellow creatures, he will thank God for 
the blessings of this Republic. Yes, all of us will thank 
God for our having been able to erect this token of love 
and affection for our countrv, and be proud of the part we 
have taken in securing a fit tribute to those who have been the 
mans of confirming such blessings to us and our children. 

I will not deraiia you any longer, as distinguished members 
of our Order will now address you. Let me again bid you 
welcome, and I trust that the work now to be commenced 
will be successfully executed to its close as a lasting memento 
of tlie Centennial of American Independence. 

After concluding his address, the President, Rev. George 
Jacobs, remarked that he regretted exceedingly to be obliged 



* The Coleman mansion in the East Park, now used as the residence of the Superin- 
tendent, wis formerly occupied by the Frank-, family. The family, u was the case with 
the Petei David Franks, the father, after serving in 

the commit irv department of the Continental army, fell under Arnold's suspicion or 
malignity, the son throughout remained true and steadfast to the colonies. II, 

the rank of Major which he held in the war. to the rank of Lieutenant 
1 nel i subsequently he was the bearer to London of the ratification of the treaty of 
peace. 



OF AMERICAN INDEPENDENCE J } 

to announce the absence of their distinguished brother, the 
II ■.. Simon Wolf," of Washington, who had been invited 
to deliver an oration on the occasion, but had been unable 
to attend. In the place of that gentleman had been sub- 
stitute! Brother M. El linger, the Secretary of the Executive 
Committee of the Order, who would now entertain the 
brethren with his usual ability and well known eloquence. 

Brother Ellinger accordingly came forward and spoke as 
follows : — 

ADDRESS, 
By MO /■* A* T3 1: L L l X<; 1: /.' . ESQ., 

ami! or tut Uaoti. 



Brethren: Until this moment, I was not aware that the 
Honorable Simon Wolf was not present. I must therefore 
so far take his place, but only so far as concerns the 
official act. The Centennial Commission having tendered 
to the Order of B'nai Berith, a site for the erection of a 
statue commemorating religious liberty, I have been delegated 
by the Executive Committee, in their behalf and in behalf 
of the Order, to accept officially, which I now do, the site 
gned to the Order. In performing this dutv, I would 
be doing a wrong to my own feelings, and an injustice to 
those whom I represent, if I did not accompany the official act 
with a few words explanatory of the purpose, aim and object 
of the undertaking on the part of the Order of B'nai Berith. 

\ • as Jews, not as members of a religious orqanization, 
not as a sect, do we erect this statue. We undertake the 
work as American citizens, as the friends of progress, as 
the friends of humanity, and in testimony of our joy, and 
our appreciation of the great advancement, and the great 
achievement which is to be commemorated in the Centennial 
in Independence. The book which the Jews have 
given to the world, the book of books, on its first pages 

' 1 all that dom«*dc affair* prevented (he attendance of the 
H : \\ . . ngt m a\ had been announced. 



34 <K> ' 

contains a Declaration of Independence, an assertion of equal 

ill human beii That declaration 

in the sentence, "G m in in II _• — 

not the Jew, not the Christian, not the M 
the member ot any sect, nor the man ot one color or the 
other, but man. Upon his brow He Ins Btamped the 
of the Divine Image. But it took many, many years bel 
this declaration could be realized. Ir was not realized until 
America, freeing herself from a yoke of depen put 

forth to the world that Declaration which em this 

principle, that all men should he t d in theit 

human beings, in their rights given to them by -the 
Divine Creator, without distinction of cri 

of whatever kind. And as friends of humanity, hoping that 
this great boon of liberty, this great basis of civilizat 
shall he achieved throughout the worl !, we here contribute 
- Centennial C liberty, a monument 

lonial of our appreciation of that religious liberty, 
which is the greanst boon, the brightest jewel, and the 
most precious gem in the diadem of American liberty and 
civilization. [Applause.] It is the very foundation of all 
liberty, without it, there is no liberty. Whatever church, 
whatever religious denomination, whatever sect may predomi- 
nate, no Srate can rightfully enforce that policy which lo 
to the suppression of all other churches, rel ini- 

tiations and sects; it is only when no one religious belief 
subjut^ates the rest, that members of all creeds can co 
together in fraternal union and say, "we are brethren," 
that they can act socially together, and exemplify an; 
themselves that diversity in union which is the great prin- 
ciple and law of nature. Various ami dissimilar as are the 
leaves and branches of the tree, each ministers to the func- 
tions of the whole, in the production of the most delici 
fruit, and so it is with religion, each citizen professing that 
creed which best accords with his own conscience, and yet 
all working together to one end, the elevation of humanity 
to a higher ideal, an ideal born of the Creator Himself. 
With this great aim and object before us, the fraternization 
of the human family, the setting of divisions, the 

obliterating of prejudices, the breaking down ot barriers 
which divide the human race into so many classes, we re- 
solve to erect a monument which for generations shall tell 






to t B'n i! B rith has conceived 

the higl incement, and has contribul 

nimble the achievement of tli n 

| ., the woi I .is the ton n- 

Amei en an example which 

v but pradually being I irld. 

a hich we I are 

ind 
principle, are • in the path w iced 

out, and ar it h*S I 

merely an c has now become a fact. The world re- 

1 acknowledges that the welfare of mankind, the 
of humanity, is best furthered and lily achieved 

curing the greatest liberty or conscii 
and of relit refore, as American cil men 

. in their own lives have had an experience in what is m 

nee and persecution, we contribute this 
re to the foundation principle 
rnment am: ty, to the greatest of all liberty, 

the n — the liberty ol cience. 

few remarks, 1 close the official ceremonv which 
I i e been here to perform, and thank you tor your 

attention. 



The Rev. Dr. M. Jastrow, Rabbi of the Congregation 
(lem, upon being introduced by the President, 

: — 

P ent am) Brethren: This occasion is certainly 

to bitfle the eloquence of such as ire my 

in thought and expression. What I may 

will therefore be briefly said; and were it not for the due 
respect that I owe to mv friend, the pi officer on this 

in, I should have preferred to retire unnoticed among 
• 

Vary as our opinions may, as to whether the mode in which 

the Convention or B nai Berith at C has chosen to ex- 

ir feelings with reference to the hundredth birthday of 

our great Republic, was the most appropriate of any 

nr the modes that might have been su^ncsted: one thin_ 

sure, that in making Liberty the subject of our man 



36 CELEBRATION OF THE NINETY-NINTH ANNIVERSARY 

tation, the Convention has touched a sympathetic chord in 
every Jewish heart. Liberty, my friends, h;i S been the ma- 
ternal bosom from which Judaism has drawn her nourishment; 
and old as she is, the most aged among all the confessions and 
creeds as she stands here, she does not yet feel inclined to be 
.ed from this bosom of liberty. [Applause.] 

My friends, when for the first time in my lire I placed my 
foot upon republican soil — it was not here in America, but 
in Switzerland, that chosen little spot of Europe which is to 
hold out the banner of freedom to all the nations abroad — 
when, I sav, I first put my foot on that soil, I beheld in the 
halls of the State House at Basle, a grand picture representing 
Liberty — the figure holding in her hand, high uplifted, a tablet 
Upon which was a Hebrew inscription. J was Startled at the 
sight. Imagine, my brethren, what was that inscription. It 
was the openiim words of our Di I »gue : — 

" I am the Lord, thy God, that brought thee out of the land 
, ! 1 ■. iut of the house of slavery." 

My friends, I assure you, that picture struck me like 
a new revelation. It was to me as it I was standing on the 
Mount Sinai, hearing the words of revelation — "7 am the Lord, 
thy God, that brought thee out of the laud of Egypt, out of the house 
of slavery." 

Man is born to be free! Yes, and that question over which 
many of our best men have been pondering for ages, why it 
is that our Decalogue is not introduced with the words, " I 
am the Lord, tny God, who created the universe" was 
at once answered satisfactorily to my mind when look- 
ing at that picture. The answer was this, Liberty is the 
idation of Judaism — Liberty is the foundation of true 
religion — Liberty is the nurse of all true civilization. As 
we cannot imagine true religious feelings to exist without 
exerting their refining influence on civilization and on all works 
of human skill and human life, and as we cannot imagine 
true civilization to exist without being founded on the rock 
of Religion, so neither of them can prosper except it draws 
its nourishment from the bosom of Liberty. Therefore, my 
friends, when on the hundredth birthday of this, our great 
country, the refuge of the oppressed — when on that day, a \ car 
hence, the question shall be directed to us, ''what have vou 
children of Israel, you sons of the old covenant with Abraham 
contributed in order to give something in exchange for 
what you have received from this country?" my friends, let 



0F AMERICA.: 37 

us hope to God that we shall be able to point to that statue 
of Liberty ; and although Judaism does not look upon sculp- 
ture as her favorite art, we may be enabled to say, " Trie 
idea there expressed, the idea of Liberty, is ours, given through 
us to mankind, on that day, when it was proclaimed, ' I am 
the Lord, thy God, that brought thee out of Lgypt, out of 
the land of slavery. ' " Men carrying the banner, of religion 
must before all be free ; for as our sag On our 

efj is engraven "Haruth" which means "Liberty" — 
Liberty fur all. 

Mr. Louis Abrahams, of Washington (who, with Rev. 
George Jacobs and Mr. Alfred T. Jones, of Philadelphia, 
represented the B'nai Berith Committee on Centennial and 
Literature, appointed at the Chicago Convention), was here 
introduced, and spoke as follows : 

Mr Brethren and Friends: It is a great privilege to be 
called upon to unite in inaugurating the celebrations that 
are to commemorate the birth of the nation, under whose 
laws and institutions so many live in peace, harmony and 
prosperity. This day ushers in the year in which millions 
of men and all civilized peoples or* the earth, will appi 
ingly attest their admiration tor th ' strides this Re- 

lic has made in elevating the i who have ch< 

this land as an abiding place. The lerful architectural 

structures, surrounding us on all sides, springing from the 
earth as if called forth b an's wand, will soon 

teem with marvellous evidences of man's handicraft. The 
artisan from his workshop, the ar n his studio, the 

chemist from his laboratory, all co-laborers for man's ad- 
vancement here will unite to illustrate America's triumph 
that challenges a world's applau The nimble' shuttle of 

the weaver's loom, the blazing furnace, the lightning spark 
beneath the ocean waves, the diminutive needle into which 
American genius has all but instilled the breath • of life, the 
painter's pencil, the wondrous plastic forms which genius has 
almost inspired, and all the endless creations of human in- 
lity will soon here join in one united anthem of thank- 
fulness and praise. But the wonder will not so much be 
that man, created in the image of his maker, has so used 



CEl. I f 

the divine spark on him ; the marvel will 

and is, that a country so recently almost wrested from the 
dominion of the can afford the occasion and the 

opportunity for such a jubll ire now approach 

[t may by many he call is; but, rel 

on the trials and perils that ! the paths of 

many nations, may we not, with becoming humility, i 

r the occasion to which we are drawii mn 

one. Recognizing the protection and favor which a Divine 

nee has been pi on this count 

may we not sav it is a sublim acle to which we are 

inviting the inhabitai th. It is not rh 

of place, on this preliminary pause and reflect 

upon that which makes the approaching nnial possible. 

Under the beneficence of G , all thoughtful perse: 

lit that it is the br humanity, the noble 

of inalien .e and liberty that form 

the underl which rests the C 

of the I Art and science, literature, invention, 

i and drama, m , poetry, philosophy — all may 

flourish for a time, ; m there be lasting h< 

for a nation who as a ri_;ht that freedom 

of thought and action, which the organic law of this happy 
country guaranl all. 

In com men \ the great event to be celebrated on 

_• beautiful '•' in the t 

Philadelphia, no cil ' the Republic dai 

and in co-operation with valued colic irious parts ot 

the Union, 1 have assumed certaii in relat i group 

of statuary, 1S liherty. 

I iation making this contribution in; mply 

to cmblemize and typify those clauses of th tion 

tne Ui 'here shall be no dis- 

ement or rimination on account 

j the inhabitants of this country. This great 
principl h all the other cla I th Nat mal 

Mag i Charta would be idle empty words, it is inten 
to illustrate without the rian or denominational 

rune to authoritatively | 
claim, tut onlv as a lasting memorial of this leading yreat 
truth of the American Constitution in its national, br 
universal, political sense, is this group to be dedicated, and 



in no other form or purpose would it be admissible or 
Hppropi There will be neither in devi 

conl n, nor in inscription, inything in the 

i round which all our brethren o( « 

■>r birth place, who love thi try, in I 

cannot gather in absolute harm 
It is well known that the contribul 
from the Israelites, native and fJS, but 

the monument impleted, it will be given I 

free will oflferii 

It has b I be eminently fitting 

us, as Israelites, to build this monument, it is just; the 
Israelites are the old mment bu: 

the globe. [Appl.i Those pyramids near the R 

they built, though under oppression — yet fulfilled 

Abrahamic promise, that through them and through 
their seed all nations of the earth should be bl In 

that far land their unrequited toil w i while oh 

courtiers embalmed in frankincense and myrrh, and 
linen, steeped in their unrelenting task- 

masters, and bathe. 1 and d( in 

the sacred mausoleums, as it in very mockery of death, 
and wine tor their sustainance. But after forty cen- 
turies, archa-oloiMsrs from the islands of the sea hive broken 
open these sa :, that corn preserved through those 

centuries, grow ly in many fields ot the and 

-. its pirrion this hour to fructifv our prairies and 
make this country's wealth. So the work of the bondsmen 

rves the und) ins of liberty. [Applause.] 

the monuments themselves, th ind pyramids, stand 

itors opening new paths through which to frater? 

the world. I id there with their occult science, their 

netry, their beauty and symmetry, their 

:structible materials — declaring you, my brethren, the 

monument builders on the face of the and 

this will be a fit ce of r works. Through 

you have bi and enslaved. Here, 

not as b n but freemen, a' >u erect a stone that 

will typify and verity the the prophet — "The stone 

that the builders rejected his become the corner stone." 

Brethren, in common with our fellow citizens 
and hail this coming commemorative Centenary of the 



40 CELEPRATIOU OF THE M.VETV-.V/.VTH AHMYEKSAKY 

United States, hoping it will be a harbinger of peace, of for 
fulness of all bitter feelings among all our citizens, and that we 
may look onlv to the benefits which this country has vouch- 
safed to us all — in a word, th;it there may be but one country. 

"Freemen, for Freedom's sake, arise' 
And make your voices reach the skies. 
Till psalmi of hope and hymns of prayre 
Reverberate each breath of air; 
And Hampshire's hills re-echo back, 
To the - i ic. 

Then let tint lovely river speak 
To the majestic Chesapeake, 
And it in turn catch up the strain 
Whispering it to Ponchartrain. 
On let the noble language go 
Until it lisps to 
And murmuring o'er its glassy waves, 

s o'er her 
Newly inspire \ ; eak, 

And Vernon's shades next let it seek. 

Lingering near that spot so dear 
'Round ashes that all men revere, 
ering hope as onward bound 
O'er sacred plain and classic ground, 
Till hill and dale and lake and tea 
Brcitlic one harmonious symphony, 
And every icphyr catch the strain 
Of the grand anthem once again. 
Singing with lifted heart and breath, 
Give me Liberty or Death." 

The meeting now formed in procession, and moved towards 
the slope overlooking Lansdowne valley, a prominent and 
beautiful spot, about fifty feet directly in front, north of the 
National Memorial, selected by permission of the Centenni.il 
Commission — a spot henceforth hallowed in the hearts of the 
Israelites of America. 

Here Rev. George Jacobs and Alfred T. Jones, on the part 
of the Centennial Committee of the Order, and with the con- 
sent of the Executive Committee of the Order, formally broke 
the ground and took possession of the site on which the 
statue, emblematic of Religious Liberty, is to be placed and 
unveiled on <he Fourth day of July, 1876. 

Thus closed the most interesting ceremony ever performed 
by the Israelites of America. 



• 



4' 




ci;i; i:\m\i 



NATIONAL MEMOR1 \L 



7 he colossal figure of Columbia which surmounts the dome of 
the National Memorial (Art Gallery of the Exhibition), 
unv riled by his Honor, Mayor Stokley, in the presence of Select 
and Common Councils, at half-past ten o'clock. On Fri 
Mi Dobbins, contractor for Memorial Hall, found that by 



42 

strenuous exertions he should he ahle to erect the statue in time 
lor unveiling on the morning of the 5th. He according 
invited the Mayor and Councils to assist at the ceremony, and 
about sixtv members of both branches of Councils, accom- 
panied by the hea the various departments of the city 

ernment, met at Common Council chamber and pr 
111 earn 1 idence, where they were joined by 

his Honor and Mr. Robert W. Downing, P sident of Select 
They then pi 1 to the Kairmount bridge, pas 

• it tor the first time officially, and thence to the National 
Mi mortal. 

party havii red in a circle under the cupola ot 

the building, Mr. John L. Shoemaker, Chairman of the Centen- 
nial Committee of Councils, made a brief address, in which he- 
said the numbers were doubtless very much surpiised at having 
been brought to the Hall to take part in a ceremony of which 
there had been no public announcement. He then explained 
the manner in which the ceremony had been brought about. Mr. 
maker further said, that as the Mayor had broken the ground 
for the Hall one year ago, it was particularly appropriate that he 
luld unveil the statue which surmounted the dome of the 
building. 

Mayor Stokley took the rope which held in place the wrap- 
pings and drawing it down, unveiled the figure.- He then briefly 
expressed his gratification at the rapidity with which the building 
had been erected, and in the course of his remarks said that he 
■.ding in the same spot from which he turned the first 
shovel full of earth from the sire of the building one year 
It gave him peculiar pleasure thus to see, within one brief J 

itely structure where there was only the bare earth. The 
iker concluded bv complimenting Mr. Dobbins on the great 
energy wh ch he had displayed in carrying the building forward. 

Mr. Shoemaker then proposed three cheers tor Mr. Dobbins, 
after which the party proceeded to the Children's Concert, and 
thence to Belmont, where they assisted in the ceremonies at the 
of A _:ricultural Hall. 

3 



£>-> 







4+ CELEBRATION OF THE ANNIVERSARY 



Tin-: \un;\'i\\; o\\Vi-:i;t 

IN M Ai II I N I-.KV II.M.L. 



One of the most pleasing and interesting features of the cele- 
bration of the day was the grand concert in Machinery Hall, by 
the pupils of the Grammar Schools of the Fourth, Sixth, Eighth, 
Ninth, Tenth, Fourteenth, Sixteenth, Eighteenth, Nineteenth, 
Twenty-second, Twenty-fourth, Twenty-fifth, Twenty-sixth, 
Twenty-seventh, and Twenty-ninth Sections* of the First School 
District of Pennsylvania, 

Long before the opening of the concert the entire building 
w.is crowded to its utmost capacity, and thousands of visitors 
thronged the structure on all sides, unable to gain admittance. 

The platform at the western extremity of the southern of the 
ninety foot spans of the building, was completely tilled by about 
three thousand public school children. 

The sight presented in the Hall when the concert opened 
was exceeding beautiful, the staging filled with the children 
in their white dresses relieved by bright ribbons resembled 
terraces of flowers ; and the sea of humanity below, the delight- 
ful effect of the singing, the fine decorations — combined to form 
an ensemble that will be forgotten by none of those who had the 
good fortune to be present. 

At a little after ten o'clock the military band, led by Professor 
Herrmann, touched the faint notes of the overture to " Fra Dia- 
volo." For a few moments the hum and buzz of thousands of 
only half-lowered voices rendered the sounds almost inaudible, 
but soon the vast audience subsided into perfect quiet; every 
note could be distinctly heard, and then, as the aria was gradually 
evolved, every breath was stilled, and the atmosphere of the 



* The | Ming in three [art*: (he tirit part con^ting of i,o+o voices} the 

second of 930; the third, 1,030. 



OF AM fK IC AN IX Dt PEN I 



45 



building seemed tor I time to tremble with the weight of musical 
sweetness. Although the band was not a large one, the acoustic 
properties of the structure were such that every note could be 
heard, and the intricate evolutions of the score followed with 
perfect case. The first chorus by the schools, " O Native Land ! 

e be to Thee," by Thayer, was then announced. In a 
moments Professor Jean Louis ascended the director's stand, 
and when the applause, which greeted him had subsided, the 
orchestra began the prelude amid perfect silence. Soon the first 
note of the aria was struck and over 3,000 childish voices rang 
out strong, sweet, and clear, delighting every listener. The selec- 
tion, however, was rather too measured and quiet to be perfectly 
effective, and it was not until the second number, " March of the 
Men of Columbia," arranged by Jean Louis, was begun by the 
children, that the full effect of the combined voices and the thor- 
oughness of the training which they had undergone became very 
marked. Although the schools had been trained separatelv and 
had had but a few rehearsals, they sang in perfect unison; without 
a single draggir_ The military band next played an enjoy- 

able pot-pourri of national airs arranged by their leader, Professor 
II rrmann. At the familiar and stirring notes of the "Star- 
spangled Banner" and "Columbia, the Gem of the Ocean," the 
children of the schools rose to their tier, waved their flags, and 
heartily cheered. In this the tens of thousands in front involun- 
tarily joined. The shouts were taken up on the outside of the 
building, and the whole air rang with patriotic sounds, which 
slowlv died away in the distance. The schools next delightfully 
sung Abt's " Natii 1 and," and Mozart's " Hymn to Sprin 
These were both equally effective. "Now to the Forest" 

I he " Centennial Triumphal March," composed by Helfrich 
and dedicated to the Ladies' Centennial Executive Committee 
then played by the band and received with prolonged ap- 
plause. 

The programme closed with the M Star-spangled Banner," sung 
by the schools, accompanied by the band and organ, played by 



■ rssor I' i- hraann. This much- 
national air has often been sung and played. by musical or| 
tions of all kinds, but nn >re in this city was it rend 

with r impression, more depth of feeling, or i 

and general effect. As the children concluded, shout after shout 

the performance, and while the building still treml 
with the reverb I I , Prol 

I again ind, the children once more rose to 

their feet and repeated the national song amid the greatest enthu- 

I ch of the children were presented with a small bouquet 
itural flowers before the concert, and I 
struck to commemorate the day, and an I 

larger portion returned by the same conveyance to the ( 

hing their homes at an early dinner hour. The order and 
discipline throughout was all that could be desired. 

'■' '-. head Liberty, 

with number i o 
die icction, printed in red and blue. 




THE CRAND CONSERVATORY 

1 . atcd on the Lansdowne Terrace, north of the Art Gallery, separated from it by 

DC It overlook* the river and Park grounds. The design is in the Maun 
stvle of architecture ol the twelfth ccntu .n area 383 feet long and 193 

Aide ["he material! arc iron, glass, brick and stone. The structun on an 

artificial elc.ati .1 little above the general level, readied 1 of marble 

to the doors of the sides and end*. The base curse of the structure is of blue 
marb . red brick wall is set on the marble sub-structure, and tonus the 

from which the iron and gl te building rises. The entire height of the structure 

is 71 tcet. 

The Conservatory occupies the central portion of the building. It is 2-,o by 80 feet, 
and 55 tcet high, surmounted by a lantern 170 feet long, 20 tcet wide, and 1+ • 
The centre of the ( v is adorned by a marble fountain, executed by Foley. 

Running entirely around this Con ervatory, It a height of 20 feet from the floor, is a 
gallery 5 feel stride. On the north and south sides of this principal room arc tour forcing 
houses, tor the propagation of young plants, each of them too by 30 tcet, covered with 

iron ami glass. Dividing the two forcing houses in each of these 
is a vestibule, 30 feet square. At the centre of the east and west ends are similar vesti. 
bules, on either side of which are the restaurants, reception room, offices, BtC, From 
the vestibules ornamental stairways lead to the internal. f the I 

well ternal galleries, each too feet d 1 feel wide, which surmount 

the roofl of the toning house- 1 tileries arc connected with a grand 

promenade, formed by thi ound floor, which has a super- 

ficial area ot 1,80c irds. 

I In the main Conservator] med with eight ornamental fountains. 

The corridors which connect the Conservatory with the surrounding rooms open tine 
dirci lion. 

lor the illumination of the structure by 3,500 burners. The 
i ervator) \s ill be heated in the most approved manner. 

li w, ! under the supervision of the N HORTICULTURAL So 

by ^i IIU ARZM ilL. 

Architect 1 H. J. Schwarzmann. 
Cowiruao- 1 John Rice. 
Costl iiS'.'J>7- 

(48) 






49 







ci;i; i:\ioV iks 

AT THI »1TI Of Till 

ILUMBUS MONUM ENT 

1 ME ill :i n I ASSOC I A . 



The Italian Beneficial Society, some four hun 
under the hip of Signor G. Contiri, the Christopher 

iment Association, under the leadership of" Nun- 

zio Finelli, together with a number of invited guests and Italian 

♦ 



50 CELI rERSARV 

lents, assembled at the inl I in of Belmont and Fount- 

ain avenues at eleven o'clock. On the ground, which is a level 

. ire, was erected a stand for speakers. 
Th istefull) d with Italian and American, Spanish 

and Smith American flags, On it were the members of the 
Monument Association, wearing of the Italian colors. 

Among the invited guests, were Edward Shippen, Esq., Chev. 
ii. I . - , Consul of the Argentine Republic, Mr. 

Win, II. West, o . Dr. Jas. B. Burd, A. W. H 

rison, Esq., the originator of the Monument for Ii jnce 

Square, and the reception Committee of th ion. 

Directly in front of the stand was an open spice, some twenty 
teet square, on which t iment is to he erected, and around 

this open S] re th-.' members of the Italian Society, with 

badg :, and white, the national colors of Italy, and 

here also, were the members of the Italian Bersaglieri Hand, in 
the picturesque costume of the Italian troops of that name. 

At .1 few minute eleven, the pro ere begun 

by a spirited performance of the Italian national air "Stella Confi- 
dente," by the band, at the conclu this, Mr. Nunzio Fin- 

elli, the presiding officer, introduced to the assemblage, Chevalier 
Alon/o M. Viti, Vice Consul of Italy, at Philadelphia, who 
spoke as follows : — 

M, 1> •. Friends: By the polite invitation I received from 
the Christopher Columbus Monument -ion. and from 

the COmmittee of the 1' Finance on the celebrat on of this 

auspicious day, to assist at the pi ceremonies of the site 

selected tor a Monument, it is my good fortune to be here this 
day. That Monument which this esteemed socu ^ to 

% is to the memory of the great navigator, Christopher 
Columbus, and the occasion, the celebration of the one-hundredth 
Anniversary of American Independence, which will be celebrated 
in this Park 4th July, 1876. I' or me it is indeed a pleasant mat- 
ter to assist in a celebration which anticipates and prepares tor 
such an important occasion, and you gentlemen of the society 
I thank cordially for your polite invitation. It is now some 
three ) ears that our Italian people here, wishing to assist in the 
grand celebration of '76 in a manner to show forever the affection 






5< 



that they have always had for rhis h ile, their 1 coun* 

• in this Park during the >n a 

Monument to the mem >ry of one who brought to the 
the world, this noble country America, and to whom not only 
i, but the whole world will be eternally grateful and in- 
N tthing more noble could I , an 

occasion, and their project, 1 believe, will be highly 
bj - ricans. W< re to day, my dear friei the' 

of American [ndependen *.ike 

. which in the 

year, will be adorned with the of Colu the 

■ time, to unite with th >ple in inal 

which is also dear to us. Colum ben dead 

for centuries, his memory, none the less, lives in the minds of the 

ride to me, that th >t Philadel- 

phia have been the first in this : Pen have 

ever pn rect a monument to his memory; nay m 

have all en the i XCUtion in marble. 1 will 

by a eulogy of" that illustrious m 
that for the distinguish this city, w me, 

and his kin liver an oration on his life. Con- 

tinu. :i your noble proj ibly 

m.i. tuffiicient fui I the 

M inument, and 1 am sure in this you will : by the 

A in 

It you hav tor the ceremo- 

Mo ui : it is natural that 

ply interested in to- National 

Sons o( I now no more divided in p 

.nd und ner, bur son. of I taly, 

thanks to God, tree and indepei from North to 

th; a. I »le, over which floats this 

beautiful national tri color, with a !■. 

by tii. people, i not by th Italian nation alone, but by 

the world for tl intrv. 1 t.i 

nt, her sons here can well with special sym- 
inite with the Americans in this their National Celebration. 

I emblem ■ to the standards of Italy 

and the I i noble free nations, may forever 

remain entwined i: ■ and concord, is the sir.. 

: my heart, certain I am of yours also. (Applause.) 



5* 



CELtfiKAT.OX OF THE NINETV-Xt ARY 



The Italian text of the address is as follows: — 

II Cav. A. Vitl Vice-Console Italiano fece il se^uente discorso: 

I ' la mia buona tortuna di trovarmi qui i carrisimi 

amici, dietro i gentill inviti che ho avuto dall' a- del 

monumento di Cristoforo Colombo e del ( to de le finanze 

del centerano di questa citra d re alle cerimonie proposte 

sul i monumento che questa benmerita sociel 

d 'erigere alia memoria del gran.ii navigal ire G Crisl >ro 

Colombo in occasione della celebrazione del Cer.tenaro dell'Indi- 
pendenza Americana che avra' luogo in questo Parco il 4 Luglio, 
Per me e cd>.i trovarmi qui in un occasione 

ile a noi tutti, e vi ri ■ di cuore pel v.. tile 

invito. Or sono quasi tre anni die alcuni bravi Italiani hanno 
epito l'idea di volere a rande celebrazione 

centenana nel '7') in un m >do da mostrare per sempre il grand 
amort che essi hanno sempre avuto per questo ospite paese, la 
loro patria adottiva, quindi hanno deciso di erigere in qu< 
parco durante la detta celebrazione un monumento alia memoria 
di uno che ha portato alia luce del mondo questi grandi paesi 
d'America ed a cui n^i\ solo I* America, ma tutto I'universo sara 
eternament< bitore. 

nobile, potrebbero fare gli Italiani in un occa- 
come questa, e credo che sara bene apprezzato degli americani 
uniti qui carrissimi amici in qu noveuta 

nue esima testa della Indipendenza Americana per premiere pos- 
sito che piu tardi ito col monumento di 

Colombo e nello, stesso tempo di unire cogli Americani nella 
loro testa nazionale che <"• anche cara a noi tutti. 

Colombo '"• morto e vero da secoli ma la sua memoria c sempre 
viva nelle menti del popoli dei mondo. 

ratulo di vcro cuore del vostro bel progetto e me 

ne vanto con glorui che yli Italiani di Filadelfia sieno stati i primi 

in questo stato di Pensilvania che abbiano pensato di pone un 

monumento alia sua memoria, e che pin hanno gia dato I'ordine 

per I'esecuzione in marmo di detto monumento, con tutta la 

: di porere ruiscire. 

Non dird quanto egli cost bene merita un distinto posro in 

questo parco, quello lo lascierd al distinto awocato di Filadelfia, 

John A. Clark, il quale ha gentilmente acconsentito di fare 

un discorso sulla vita di Colombo e di che sono certo la societa 

come lo sono io i ben gra a. 



of 5 $ 

icllo ch ntc col 

re di tutto fr.i di 
sufficient ! men to del 

sicuro che in qu rete anche assistiti ■ :.. \ ricani st 

I un nol>i le giorno ch Co per le ceremonie del sito pel 
moiuini . rale che anche >iite sentimenti di 
interesse in 

I- ora d' Italia, • > il 

I ■ Dio, indi- 

te, I tl siul al nord, una na 3 di 

Bopra cui sventola questo bel tricol >r nazionale ed ha alia 
in K . : • i galantuomo che ama il popolo, e ch to c 

rispettato non solo dalla nazione Italian i, ma dal mondo, pel 
bene the h . la sua patria. 

I anche essa libera el : te i 

figli suoi qui 10 bene con gioja speciale unirsi cogli Ameri- 

cani in questa vera festa nazion 

CI te bandiere emblemi di ioni amiche, libere 

ed indipendenti, possono ri mai insietne in 

■ pace e >re mio come sono 

sicuro ch vostro. 

Music, II Trovatore, was then performed by the bind; after 
this, the presiding officer introduced John A. Clark, Esq., of 
the Philadelphia Bar, who spoke as follows: — 

lay we celebrate the Ninety-ninth Annivei American 

denre, Standing on the threshold of a new era »ther 

will inaugurate th id century of American N 

life. Within the limits of" this beautiful Park will then occur an 
Int il Exhibition of arts, manufactures, and products 

the soil and the mines, in commemorati itennial 

Annivei the D n of' Independence of the United 

will be a National Celebra- 
tion, in which thi [ the whole country will participate. 

II will Hock the - of all the nations of the 
earth. The right in that immortal instrument, 

nine years a^o in this citv, was made for the 
entire world, and for all the coming generations of* men. I 

d annunciation of liberty his BOW made the circuit of the 
I, and has thrilled ntury the I all hu 

It has been proposed to signalize this g itennial by the 



5+ ,Kr 

decoration of th inds with such superb and enduring works 

of" art as ma) >ns the t .vho 

took part in the cerem . which the people of the United 

States commemorat rc.it ami J •. This col 

sal und j will be surrounded by all the elements of 

grandeur. II will glitter in the rays of tin morning sun the 
M morial Buil dedicated to art, rivalling in its 

statelv proporlii far famed Parthenon of ancient 

ummit • under the administration 

1 1 ere will 

of poets, orators, statesmen, and patriots. M s it 

that on the grand occasion, Christopher Columbus, the discoverer 

of America, should be the recipient of honors worthy of his im- 

- liable fame. Most hap cecution 

this design was reserved for cit: Italian birth and descent. 

Animated by a desire to gi\ in to their patriotic feeli 

and to do honor to the memory of their noble countryman, • 
formed an organization, and decide 1 to erect a statue of Christo- 
pher Columbus. In furtherance of their j ibmitted 
their pu mers of the Kairmount Park, and 
to the Centennial Commission, and received from both bo 
their official approval. The superintendent was directed to d 

p isition of the and its site will be the spot 

■i which I now stand. Ir wis the purpose of the Association 
that the work should be executed in Italy by an Italian sculptor, 
and of Italian marble. r the inception of this move- 

ment, a financial panic iver the country. This prevented 

a full ■ to the idea, and entailed upon the tion 

.' embarrassment and r< ility. It was necessary that the 

rk should be placed at once in the hands of the sculptor. As 

the time required tor th >'• the work was nearly two 

s, leading members of the Association were therefore com- 
pelled to give a personal pledge tor the amount required. 
I) igns were solicited and secured from the leading Italian sculp- 
tors, and a suitable one adopted. Mr. Alon/.o M. Viti, the 
Italian consul at this port, who had sustained the enterprise from 
its beginning, gave the order for the work, and it is now well 
ind will be completed in time tor its unveiling on the 
4th of July, 1876. Th le will be of heroic size, the figure 

and ital being 21 feet in height. Nun/.io Finelli, the 

it of the Association, has been the leading spirit of the 
committee, and has been indefatigable in his efforts to secure the 



of 55 

success of the under) 1 Italian Minister at W 

ton his yiven h ; also the Chcv. (.. I- i de 

tleman, here ; im our 

V . k. 1 ! of the statue, which is 

into two s<. I he corner of the lower 

on will be ornament i the Italian a 

and the Italian 

will contain in bas-relief the I i mbus. Upon the 

other will be inscribed the w the 

■ panel will appear the inscription: " In t i nmern i ition 
of the first centenary ot .\ i Independence, July 4, 

r section of the be inscribed the 

name of the great discoverer. The figure i> represented in a 

> position, with qrcat d , the left hand 

!iile the right holds a chart. Emblem 
. charact his occupation as a mariner, are placed at 

the base of the statue. One year hence the ceremonies of to 
will be supplemented bv others rendered more impressive by the 
unveiling of the statue of Columbus. Ti: | permit on 

rtation on the character ot Colum- 
bus, or on his claims to the reverence and gratitude of mankind. 
It is must J ; to our .'. pride to know that the 

■>t the greit Admiral ever prod that of 

i, the celebrated W Irving. 1 'h • 

propriatc the dis- 

. rer. of \ "aid have e one ot the 

I and cultivated wi our own Republic The 

con: J authority ot the biography has verified 

the prediction of Lord J , in 

• the time of its first appearance, when he 

on the same a and 

. 
I may say : " When h 1 the h: F Colu 

. see him \\ tubtful tacts in the scale of a golden 

criticism. You behold him laden with the manuscript treasures 
of w 1 the 1 1 

ria' narrati It was the 

ro be the victim of ingratitude, 

to be pursued by the re 1 malice ot enemies whose 

.holly without cause, so at the present time there 

1 the glory of his dis*. 

ir to reverse the judgment of mankind (ox almost four 



56 






centuries. There are certain med.ilesome writers seeking for 
novelty and devoid of all reverence for past opinions who may be 
termed historical iconoclasts. Th prying about the traces 

of history, casting down its monuments, and marring and mutila- 
ting its rarest trophies. America has recently furnished some 
writers of this description, but their attacks on the fair fame of 
Columbus will only redound to his glory. It has been alh 
that there were three different discover I \merica. The first 

one durinq the period from iooo to 6oo B. C, by the Phoeni- 
cians and their Carthagenian descendants ; the second one in 
the tenth century, A. I'., by the Northmen and - avians; 

and the third one by the Genoese, Christopher Columl 
Christopher Columbus was born about the year 1435, m tne c ' tv 
of Genoa, of humble parentage. After receiving instruction in 
the ordinary branches of education, he was sent to the University 

l, where he remained for a short time studying geomel 
geoqraphv, astronomy, and navigation. He began his nautical 
career when but fourteen years of aqe, and about the year I470 
he went to Lisbon. At this time Prince Henry of Portugal 

g to achieve the circumnavigation of Africa, and under 
his qenerous patronage the greater part of the African coast, from 
Cape Blanco to Cape de Verde, had been explored. The fame 
these discoveries, and the expeditions continually setting out, 
attracted the attention of the world. Columbus at Lisbon 
formed the acquaintance of a daughter of Bartolomew Mofiis de 
Perestrello, an Italian cavalier, then lately deceased, who had been 
one of the most distinguished navigators under Prince Henry, 
and had colonized and governed the Island of Porto Santo. I ! 
married this lady, and by this means came in possession of all 
papers, charts, journals, and memoranda of her deceased father. 
He afterwards resided tor some time at the Island of Porto 
Santo, where his wife had inherited some property. Here he was 
visited frequently by the voyagers going to and from Guinea. 
By this means he naturally was brought into intercourse with the 
mariners, who were prosecuting discoveries along the 
coast, and were seeking a new route to India. He now conceived 
the idea that by sailing across the unknown ocean towards the 
west, he could find a shorter route to the Indies. A variety of 
circumstances led him to this conclusion. From the nature of 
thinqs, he set down as a fundamental principle that the earth wa; 
which might be travelled around from east to west, and 
that men stood foot to foot when on opposite points. He also 



relied on the authority of Strabo, who affirms that the ocean sur- 
rounds the earth, bathing on the east the shores of India, on the 
west the tin, so that it i *e from one to 

the other on the same jural lei. Information had been given him 
by the inhabitants of the Azores of trunks of huge pine trees, of 
a kind that did not grow upon anv of the islands, which had been 
carried to their shores by westerly winds, but especially of the 
bodies of two dead men cast upon the Island of Flores, whose 

res dift' -n any known rice. He determined, accord- 

ingly, to make a - and for that purpose 

II. of Portu il, but without suc- 

He then determined to apply to the Spanish Court. After 

various and prolonged efforts t :inand and Isabella 

to furnish him with the aid which he required, the Sovereigns 

referred the question to an if learned astronomers and 

lotjraphers who were to examine him on the grounds on which 
he founded his proposition, and were, after consultation together, 
to report their collective opinions. This conference took p 
in the j LD., in Salamanca, the great seat of learning 

in Spain, and was held in the Dominican convent of St. Stephen. 
The assemb is composed of professors of astronomy, geog- 

raphv, mathematics, and other branches of science, together with 

dignitaries of the Church and learned friars. The tin 
of Columbus had awakened the scorn and derision of the vulgar 
and ignorant; it was now to be propounded to the learned and 
the erudite. At this time it was almost the universal belief that 
the world was a flat surface, and the continuance of the o 

ind the land without limit. It was also believed that it he 
sailed from his true course westward to the south he would fall 
into an ocean of liquid fire. It was further argued that, conced- 
ing the rotundity of the earth, if he succeeded by favorable and 
constant gales to reach the crown of this rotundity, he would 
necessarily descend in his voyage, and return would be impractica- 
ble. The appearance of Columbus before this leirned council of 
scholars and ecclesiastics presents to the imagination one of the 
most dramatic pictures of history. He was tall, well formed, 
muscular, and p I a lofty and dignified demeanor. I l( 

fifty-on . and his white hair invested him with a 

venerable appearance. This bodv of eminent men appear to have 
listened with indifference or I: to the fervent eloquence 

of the simple hearted mariner, who was unadorned by any titles 
of nobility or the honors of the universities. The proofs that 



5» 






the Phoenicians had discovered rhe New World were no more 
known to this learn mbly, or to anybody else in Kurope at 

that period than were the alley veries by the Northmen in 

the tenth century. Columbus had no sooner stated hi :'un 

he v. tiled with citations from the Boole of Genesis, the 

P David, I , the E] ties, and the Gospels to 

Bhow the impossibility of his theory. To these objections were 
added the opinions of St. Chrysostom and St. Augustine, St. 
Jerome and St. Gregory, St. Basil and St. Ambrose. 

In answer to these objections Columbus submitted that the 

I writers must be regarded as speaking figuratively, and 
that the commentaries of the ancient fathers, although entitled to 
the f mankind on poi -itative 

on questions of cosmography. rhere were many of his learned 
examiners, however, who were impressed bv the logic and warmed 
into enthusiasm by the e! us. Chief among 

these was I , a learned friar, of the order of" St. 

Dominick, who subsequently became archbish ip of Seville, the 
seco tin. 

conference was devoid of all results. After a course of 
vs and disappointments sufficient to have reduced any ordi- 
nary man to despair, the assistance which he had so long sought 

en him. On Fi 
the morning, Columbus set sail from the port of Palos with three 
nd one hundred and twenty men. Eighteen years 
had now elapsed since Columbus had first conceived the idea of 
this enterprise. Most of that time had been passed in humilia- 
ting solicitation in the midst of ridicule, neglect, and poverty. 
The prime of his life had b red in the struggle, and he was 

now titty-six years i The storv of this is too well 

known to require repetition, as also the difficulties which he en- 
countered and surmounted in combating the \ :rors of the 
seamen and their unwillingness to continue the vo His 
crew were several times on the verge of mutiny, and it was only 
by rhe of all the powers of his daring and commanding 
spirit that an open rebellion was prevented. They were reassi. 
by indications of land, and tor some days the voyage was contir. 
with revived courage, until at last the dissatisfaction of the crew 
an to break out with open violence. Thev insisted upon re- 
turning homeward and abandoning the v< but 
Columi endeavoring in vain to pacify his men by promi- 
. finally i a different tone, and told them it less 









to murmur, th n had been sent by the sovereigns to 

seek th. . ami he would persevere until, • of 

'ish the enterpr >n Thur , O 

her llth, mini: i of the vicinity of V 

. Imit of a doubt. .'. : surrounded the \ 

the j • animation prevailed, ai 

Colli IT. 

•l, peering out into the darkn 
of i . >out 10 o'clock he 

thou^lir was a light glimmering at i 

The niN were furled with mn' 
Hymi to l - Vir , i : *twa the ho 

■ 

•'icre. 

■ 

■ie ! 
1 ■ 

They continued the course until two in the n en a 

gun from the Pinta, th( e the joyful s : 

or land, which was soon clearly visible about I 

in conceive the wild and tumultuot; ms that swell«d 

the -Columbus on the early dawn of Fi ter 12th, 

The object of his life had been attained. He had 
n as enduri the human race lb- mas- 

sive intellect h n to civil: the 

■ 
on ' :. 1 itly uncultivated it 

the inhabitants to the shore in an: 

ment. Columbus, richly attired in scarlet, and holding the 

and thr in his knees, k: 

the _ ned thank- The 

ind him in silent hment, anil his 

of their d ence and distrust, prost: 



60 CELUBRA 



themselves at his feet, begging his forgiveness. Columbus, draw- 
ing his sword, planted the royal standard, and in the name of the 
sovereign took possession of the country, which, in memory of 
his preservation, he called S.in Salvador. 

Thus u.is America d and a new world n. . Co- 

lumbus sought merely to find a new passage to the Indies, and 
lived and died in the belief' be had accomplished his purp 
'I he remainder of his life was full of the strange vicissit 

me. lie died on the 20th of May, 1506, after t > of 

illness, humiliation, and disappointments, in the seventieth j 
of his age. After Columbus had sailed across the Atlanta 
the further discoveries followed naturally. The success of his ex- 
periment answered all the objections raised to such voyag . A 
new field was opened. The merit of his success is not diminished 
bv the fact of anv prior discovery. If any such event occur' 
it was unknown to him, and to the inhabitants of Europe. He 
braved the perils of the sea, and the horrors with which super- 
stition had invested the unknown world. His heroic daring gave 
birth to an au r e of co 11 enterprise such as the world had 

never seen. I le opened a home for the oppressed, ami we of this 
land ot liberty owe him a debt of gratitude which we can never 
repay. Columbus wis a man combining most extraordinary 
characteristics. In his mind were singularly blended the practical 
and poetical ; with avidity he I all kinds of knowledge, 

which bore upon his theories, while impatient of the limited pro- 
gress ot his times, he pressed forward in his conclusions far in 
advance of the most learned of his contemporaries, and by his 
discoveries dispelled the ignorance of the age and opened a new 
career to the human race. His courage was sublime. He s;ood 
before kings as an equal. He was driven from his firm resolve 
neither by the ridicule of the ignorant nor the polished sarcasms 
of the learned. He was sustained in his inflexible resolution by 
a lofty faith in the Divine assistance. He proposed to devote 
the wealth which he anticipated would result from his great dis- 
9 to thi objects of philanthropy and religion. He medi- 
tated vast contribul charities, the endowment of churches 
where masses should be said for the souls ot the departed, and the 
ue of the holy sepulchre from the grasp of the Infidels. His 
poetical temperament led him to dwell with delight upon the 
picturesque beauty of the new lands he had brought to light. In 
his letters and journals written during his voyage to the New 
World he describes the luxuriance of the forests, the blandness ot 



Of 

the atmosphere, the serene:. -; ic climate, the g r of the 

mountains, and the limpid freshness of runnir with all 

the enthusiasm »r the painter. Hut the w 

of' his imagination fell short of" the realir. ; he 

have contei mtincnt 

more opulent in its r than all th res of Europe, 

offering shelter, and liber ilth to men from all the 

of' the earth, how would th..- lid revelation I 

the sadness of" his declining t a halo of 

glory about his departing spirit! 

An int. :re of the ceremonial at this point was the 

present ieral Hawley, President of the Centennial Corn- 

mis companied by the Governor's Sr.itF, who the 

1 and excha llutations with the officers of the Associa- 

tion amid the cheers of the assembl 

Musi( . — Lucr perfom 

Chevalier (\. V . Secchi :, of New York, editor of/ 

ct Italia, was then introduc The 

loll" ginal text and translation of his remark 

Ita< I am vei emen composing the 

Centennial Commission and the Christopher Columbus Monu- 
ment Association for the kind invitation to participate in the 
ceremonies attending I ition ol the N ninth Anniver- 

sary of American I lence, and more particular!'. -tin 

the consecration of th I >r the Monument 

which you propose erecting to Christopher Columbus on this 
spot — these two celebrations, combined to com mem >rate two 
it events, the one the anniversary of a nation's birth, and the 
other the di of a N .1 and the honoring of the 

coverer. If it is our duty to participa'e in th 
of a nation, it is equally our duty I it men 

whose names are historically connected with this country. Italy 

to the h »f this land, 

among which are Colum lericus Vespucius, the Cab 

and Verrazzani. V> -her, the first historian 

of the v. American Independence, Charles Botta, and m 

other distinguished persons who have rendered this country emi- 



nent sc: In dipl 

tercnce, ami Count Corti, arbiter of the Treaty of W 
have both secured the lasting remembrance of the Ameri 
de. 
1 o you, the children A II ily re ;i I ;nt in Philadelphia, belo 
the honor of having conceived and fully can 

through the erecting of a mar: iment to Columbus. N i 

rican citv coidd be more i the honor than 

Philadelphia, b - 'iis citv was the cradle of American libel 

and from here issue. I the gl It D n of the In nee 

of the thir: With you, Italian residents of Phila- 

delphia, I divide ti. • this day, b m iment I 

put mv toot on the soil of this citv I isider m\ lel- 

phian 1 ition. On this thirty \ i >ra- 

• Fourth of July in Ai of 

that day was -elv a mere provincial city; n i his 

imed th the distinguish 

the Ital m this 

ire counted by th tusands, and have many associa- 
tions and institutions that honor the Italian na 

The Italian text is as folio. 

iani. alia Commtssione C 

me Colombo del cortese invito di partecipare al 
niversario dell' Indipendenza Americana ed alia consacrazi 
del ten p redes tinato di erigere un monument 

Cri imbo. v imbinano; l'una e la 

ne dell'indipendenza di un popolo A A dominio 
niero, I'altra uno dei fatti piu strepitosi che ricordi la stoi 
il miracolo di aver fatto so die onde un ignoto mo- 

di partecipare alia . i dolori della 

terra che ci ospita, non e > di onorar la 

memoria di quei nostri sommi, i di cui nomi si c i a 

e voi nell'innalzare un monui Colom 

Tualmenl li altri arditi navigatori 

I taliani che ne seguirono le orme. Vespucci, i due I > e 

V rrazzani, tutti ebbero parte alia scoperta di que 
Non dimentichiamo che anche il prim > e piu fedel lella 

. Indipendenza ma fu un Italian 

e che in questi tempi due I taliani vennero s.-elti a .1 arbitri, uno 
nella Conferenza di Ginevra e l'altro nell'assestamento della que- 



OF 

Washington, ■ Sclopi 

il C Uniti. 

A iliani di Filad ia iclusiva cii a< 

i buon Hue la iniziativa di an tributo marmo- 
>mbo, n ericana 

per iladelfia fu la culla delta hi- icri- 

ui venne la Indipen 

1 .:te. 

il giubilo di q 
momento che p le in queste mura mi stimai sempre Fila 

fian 

it'anni aieri io celebrai in Fila I in quest 

[O il m io primo 4 di lu^lio in America ; allora 1 
chiamare una citta di provincia, 
metropoli ; allora I nia Italiana di qui era poco numei 

[taliani qui resident i si contano a n ; non avevamo 

ionc alcuna perche eravamo troppo pochi, ora voi a 
una I la quale vanta un ediricio 

pro, lie sue riunioni ; avete una S pel monum 

1 con handa mi li tare ; a 
una scuola pei vostri piccoli ; ina chiesa am m 1 da 

un il quale . coppiare il 

ri del cittadino, vi le si pu 

e anti-patrii 

After a selection from Ernani, the c' marks on the occa- 
sion were delivered by Rev. A. Isoleri, P Italian 
Church of St. Mary M n de I Iphia, The 

nd translation of his rema : — 

It is 1 that 1 mould say what may hive been left tin- 

In the lave preceded me. It was with 

the greatest delight thai I law, som , in the n 

our Italian the birth of th 

in t:. 1 Monument to the memory of the Discoverer of the 

With J ;-ure and pride I have wil the 

*ct, and so rapid has been il lent 

that in a single sear hence, upon this l,t>v.; shall see it 

tummated. We will then he a 1 ' 1 noble pri 

itue of the immortal Christopher Colum'* .1 who may 

gather here to celebrate the rirst Centennial of American Inde] 



CEL! \IVBKSARY 



dence. Imagination already points it out to me, and the sight 
of it, to use the words of the divine poet, "ennobles n 

M\ congratulations I therefore offer to all those who, with 
patriotic zeal and exemplary generosity, have brought this worthy 
undertaking to its present advanced position. G" i them! 

and may He bless this spot upon which the Monument will be 
erected, and mas He also bless all those who may labor tor the 
success of an undertakii is this one, that they may 

live long and happily. And in the coming time, whenever thev 
may hei t their steps with their children, ami their chil- 

dren's children, let them point to this Monument, and tell them 
"we erected it in the year of the first Centennial of American 
Independence." 

And here to-day I may be pardoned for mentioning a wish 

which is dear to my heart. In France, there still lives a venera- 
ble old man, in \ veins runs Italian nit 
R izelly de Loi mo, yeai took up his pen to write 
the most beautiful and truthful narration that has ever seen the 
light of day, of the lite and undertakings of our great Geno 

not 1" i the noble Count wrote again; and again it 

was of Columbus he wrote. The object of his first, as well as 
of his second writing, was to promote the canonization of that 
great man. Now the wish to which I hive desired to give 
expression is this: that the desire of this noble old man might 
be satisfied before he j iwn to lie in the sepulchre of his 

ancestors, or, at leasr, that before the old and new worlds gather 
to celebrate the fourth Centennial Anniversary of the discovery 
of America (irom which only a little more than fifteen y 
separates us), the Church may place upon the brows of Colum- 
bus the aureola of a Saint; as Italy, nay all the world already 
placed on his temples the crown of a Hero. One word more, 
my friends, and I am done. Columbus, the son of our Church, 
the son of a tree land, the Discoverer of this land, which is toi 
us a country of adoption — Philadelphia, the cradle or American 
liberty — ami the assemblage which will soon take place in this 
immense Park, of all the nations of the earth, to give each 
other the kiss of peace — and the exhibition which Liberty will 
make of its fruits — the honor of our dear Italy — everyth 
requires of us Italians, the faithful practice of all Christian and 
civil virtues, now as then; and this, while it will increase the 
glory of our dear country, will also make us worthy inhabi- 
tants of the land discovered by Columbus, and worthy citizens 



OF AttKKtCAN i\PEPt.:. 

of this great Republic; upon which, and upon Italv, and upon 
us all may Almighty God shower now and forever 1 1 : •> cho 
blessings. 

Upon the conclusion of his remarks, the reverend gentleman 
was greeted with the prolonged vivas of the , which 

then dispersed. 

The Italian text of rhe address is as follows: 

Dopo questi il Rev Padre Isoleri tu introdotto e cosi diresse 

la paroia : 

Italiani, American!, e voi tutti Amici, che qui ci fate corona. 
A me I' onore non meritato, ne, ambito di conchiudere questa 
solenne cerimonia con alcune parole — Ma che rests a dire dopo 
gli oratori, illustri che mi nan preceduto? — E, pur duopo nondi- 
meno che io parli : Ebbene diro che col piu Ljr.in le inubilo vidi a 
ere or fan due anni dal seno della nostra Colonia Italians la 
bet In. idea d'inalzare qui, un monumento alio scopritore del Nuovo 
Mondo. 

'hiesta idea io vidi a crescere econcretizzarsi oqni di, piu ; sicchr 
fra un anno su questo terreno si vedra realizzata; e noi potremo 
con nobile orgoglio additare a quanti qui, converranno per cele- 
brare il 1° Centenaro dell' Indipendenza Americana I'effigie dell' 
Immortale Cristoforo COLOMBO. 

Oh ! .... il pensiero dalle ali dorate cui e ignoto limite di spazio 
e di tempo gia me lo mostra, e per usare le parole del divino 
•a: "di vederlo in me stesso mi esalto ! " — Le mie conqrat- 
ulazioni pertanto a tutti quel I i che con zelo indefesso e generosi 
leraplare condussero a si buon porto una si degna impress — 
Iddio li benedica — e benedica queste zolle su cui s' innal/.era il 
ettato monumento. 
L benedica eziandio tutti c doro che s' affaticheranno per la 
riuscita di qujsto nobile pro^etto. Vivano essi lunghi anni e 
felici ; e ogiu qualvolra qui volgeranno il piede coi fi^Ii e ni| 
additino loro questo monumento dicendo : noi I* abbiamo eretto 
I' anno del i° Centenario dell' Indipendenza Americana? 

E chi mi vieteia di tare ojL;i un'augurio ? Sotto il cielo di 
ft tutt' ora un venerando vegliardo nelle cui vene 
mgue Italiano, il Conte Roselly de Lorgues — ! 
impugnd la penna anni sono, per i tcrivere la pin bctla e la piu 

5 



66 CF.l.EIWA1lOy OF THE h ARY 

verace narrazione delta vita e delle gesta del nostro Gc E 

non ra molto die ei stc3e nuovamente la mano per in la 

penna e scrivere — Scrisse il nobilc ( fu di Colom tto 

del prim i scritto come del secondo si fii il promovere la canoniz 
zazione di quel Grande. Chi mi vietera, diss'io, di fare i 
un'augurio?- II mio augurio? eccolo: Che il voto di qui 
iardo si.i appagato pria die ei discenda nel a 
li avi suoi — O alnien die pria che il vecchio e il nuovo Mondo 
tano in I ;ta per celebr re il +° Centenario della s 
dell' America dil quale non i inochepoco piu di tre lustri; — 

Che la Chiesa, io dico, cinga la fronte a Colombo dell' aureola del 
Santo, come 1' Italia an/.i il mondo gli cinse gia la tempia della 
Corona del Grande ! ! 

Una parola ancora, o mie cari, e finisco. 

Colon io della nostra Chiesa e figlio di libera terra, la 

Repubblica liuurc, — Scopritore, di questa terra che e per noi 
patria di ado/ione; — Philadelphia, culla dell' Americana libcrta; — 
e questo campo immenso in cui le nazioni si daranno ben presto il 
bacio di pace e liberta rara m istra de suoi rrutti ; — 

L' onore d' Italia nostra tutto richiede da noi Italiani la pratica 
fedele delle virtu Cristiane e Citta ine — II che men tre accrescera 
il lustro e la gloria dell 1 Italia ci rend tori 

di questa terra da Colom 1 ' i n'\ concittadini di qu 

repubblica sulla quale e sub' Italia e su noi tutti faccia Iddio 
cendere le sue piu elette benedizioni. 

The President, Consul, and the Officers of the A 
here descended from the stand, and placed permanently, side In- 
side, the Standards of Italy and the United St.tes on the site of 
the Monument. 

The societies and officers then formed in procession, pa 
into Machinery Hall, accompanied by their band playing the 
National airs. 



AGRICULTURAL BUILD INC. 



This structure will stand north of the Horticultural Building, and on the eastern vide 
Belmont Avenue. It will illustrate a novel combination of materials, and is capable 
nt erection in a tew months. Its materials are wood and glass. It consists ol , 
nave crossed by three transepts, both nave and transept being comj 

arclu hie form. The nave is 816 feet in length, by 100 feet in width, with a 

height ot 75 feet from the floor to the point of the arch. The central transept is ol the 
height, and a breadth of 100 feet ; the two end transepts 70 feet high and 80 tect 
wide. 

The four courts inclosed between the nave and transepts, and also the four -paces 
at tin 1 the building, having the nave and end transepts tor two of their sides, 

will be roofed Mid .1 ti • . r il a large area for exhibits. Thus the ground plan ol the building 
will be a | mi of 540 by 810 feet covering a space of ni irly ten teres. In 

iti immediate vicinity will be the stuck yards for the exhibition ol horses, cattle, sheep, 
swine, poultry, etc. 

GROUND PLAN. 

The arrangement of the ground plan shows four main avenues, one running north 
and smith through the centre of the building, 810 feet long by 70 wide. The three 
remaining ivenue* run east and wet, one through the centre of the building and mie at 
each end of it, distant from .said ends 25 tcet; the former is 540 feet long by 60 wide, 
and the tw 1 latter 54D feet long by 30 wide. The building is divided by the above 
avenues into sections, and each section his aisles ij feet wide by 197 feet long, extend- 
ing through it and opening into the main north and south avenue at one end, and into 
the other. The tmir main avenues, with the aisles, lorm a 
admirable arrangement by which the exhibitor i in display and the visitor ol 
the various articles exhibited. There are, besides this, spaces at the ends and sides 
ol the building, which can be used cither lor wall or floor exhibits. The main north 
and south avenue, bring 70 feet wide, is specially adapted for the display of all van 
ut small Iruits, etc , etc. 
(68) 



6q 



cinl i:\u\Vi i-:s 

AGRICUL 1 URAL HALL.* 



The ceremonies connected with breaking ground for Agricul- 
tural Hall took place shortly after 13 o'clock; they were I 
very interesting character and were witnessed by a large con- 
course of spectators. 

A ■] i.ious platform was erected on the site of the proposed 

Building, and on this the cere nonies totok place. This platform 

decorated with flags and bunting, the front of it having the 

.American in the centre, and on either side the British and 

ich ensigns; the sides and rear displayed Asiatic, Russian, 

German, and other European and South American colors. 

At half-put twelve o'clock, the members of both branches of 
Councils, wearing blue silk badges, and headed by Mayor Stok- 
lev, made their appearance on the platform, and the follow 
members of the State Legislature: Senators John Lamon and 
Horatio Gates Jones, and Representatives John E. Keniv 
Jamea H. Marshall, James J. Monaghan, Theodore F. Miller, 
William II I *ard A. Good, George W. Hall, Albert 

W. Crawford, Charles Gentner, James Devereux, Martin Coi 
\V. J. Roney, George A. Balteoven, Thomas J. Rice, William 

Id, Josephus Vcakel, Joseph M. Hill, Charli B 
George L. Pallatt, II. O'Neill, J. R. Souder, and J. M. Jami- 
son, also wearing b 

Carriages then arrived on the ground, contain; ge Fred- 

erick M. Watts, of Washington, Commissioner of Agriculture, 
who was selected as the orator for the occasion, and accompany 
him were Gen. Joseph R. Hawley, President of the United 

• I • ' c CI r.-lrucleJ by Mr. Quigley. 



7° 

Centennial Commission; Hon. Daniel J. Morrell, Fr 
crick Fraley, Treasurer <>f the Centennial Board I Finance; 
John Welsh, President of th nnial Board of' Finance; 

Chiel I neer, Wm. H. McFadden ; Amasa McCoy, I 
Chicago; Thomas Cochran, Chairman of the Centennial Building 
; John Baird, o( the Hoard of Finance ; Chairman of 
the Building Committee; the German Society; the Wholesale 
Grocer's As ociation; the Corn Exchange; Merchant' 
change; members of the Centennial Society, and a numbei 
other prominent gentlemen. 

The Centennial orchestra, under Prof. Theo. Herman, per- 
formed the "Star Spangled Banner." 

On account of the absence of the Governor, who was to 
de, Mr. John Welsh, calling the assemblage to ordei 
that his Honor, the Mayor of the City, would assume his 
duti . 

Icley then expressing his regrets for the absence of 
the Governor, took the chair; an anthem was performed by the 
orchestra, and the Mayor introduced the Rev. Wm. Newton, 
who pffered prayer: — 

Oh, Eternal Goo, Creator and Preserver of all mankind, the 
Giver of all spiritual benediction and grace, the Author of ever- 
lasting life, from whom cometh down every good and perl 
L'ift! Thou hast been our refuge in all generations; Thou art 
our God, and we will praise Thee ; our fathers' God, and we will 
prepare for Thee an habitation. Our fathers trusted in Thee, 
and Thou wert their shield and their exceedinL' reward. 

Thou did'st bring them forth, by a way that they knew not, out 
from their own land, into this u,nod land wherein we dwell — a 
land of fountains of waters, of brooks, and of rivers that spring 
from the depths — a land in which we lack nothing that is good. 
We bless and adore Thy name, that here the tree of liberty was 
planted by the side of the waters of" life, and that beneath its 
sheltering branches, the oppressed of the nations of the earth 
have found in us a refuse and a home. 

We thank Thee for all the ure.it names with which Thou hast 
adorned our nation's history, and for the glorious memories that 
cluster around the day that now we celebrate. We thank 1'hee 



OF A 



that when the time of trial came, and the cloud of war burst upon 
our land, Thou wert our i in counsel, our strength in 

action, and that Thou did'st cover our head in the da 
and to the r which we had drawn our 

iwn to be a great and mighty nation, and 
hive raken our pl.i f the earth, 

luir rhee in humiliation and shame, that in our 

l'hee, that brother lifted up hand 
cher, that family wa family, ai 

d our land dyed with fraternal blood. But, Oh 
I II. Father, v. and bless Thee that Thou 

erruled all this for that Thou hast brought pi 

into our borders again, that Thou hast healed our divisions, 
broken every chain, and let the oppressed go free to " proclaim 
in all the land — to all the inhabitants there 
A we have come together to-day in the interest of peace, 

in broth of the nations of the earth, to 

car- • enterprise in which we are now engaged. 

Let Thv blessing, we humbly pray Thee, rest upon us, and 

the work of our hands do Thou prosper to day : and as the 

thou ind the tens of thousands shall come to our borders 

1 lands, and see the blessings wherewith the Lord, our 

:, has blessed us, may they look upon a great people 

ith the shadow I'hy sheltering arms, strong in I 

in Thv protecting care, working out the great mia 
with which Thou hast charged us among rhe nations of the earth, 
(i id and luting cove - , and illustrating in 

all their borders that right rhich exalteth a nation, and 

of whom it may be truly said "the Lord hath done great things 
tor them, whereof we are glad." I I ir us, «e humblv pray; and 
when Thou hearest, answer and bless for our dear Redeemer's 
Amen. 

The orchestra then performed the National Hymn, "My 

Country, 'tis of thee," after which, his Honor Mayor Stoklev ( 

intr ir Aim of Chicago, an orator, well 

known in Pen n sylvan !iout the country, as the 

of the Declaration of A meri . lependence. [Applause.] 

Previous to the reading, Professor McCoy spoke as follows: — 



"2 CELEBXATION OP THE .' -ERSARY 

Citizens of the State of Pennsylvania. Citizens of neigh- 
boring and widely distant States. F*//o«;-citizens all, of the 
United States rica. [Applause.] In obedience to the 

commands of the Committee on the Celebration, the duty now 
devolves upon your servant, the speaker, soliciting your most 
indulgent attention, to read, with mortal and feeble lips, the 
thrillinc; words which make this a mighty and immortal dav. 
[Emotion and applause.] And while we listen to this venerable 
charter of our liberties, in an era when we command the respect of 
the world, and in the presence of those rapidly rising and enor- 
mous palaces of industry, which attest our capabilities in the 
arts of peace; and when of all of the vast multitudes now 
assembled on these grounds, there probably is not one man, 
however humble, who does not feel his heart throb, and his 
bosom expand, with a proud consciousness that he is the citizen 
of a mighty Republic [applause], now. happilv, united forever, 
and forever tree [great enthusiasm]; yet, let it be remembered 
that wlu-n this Declaration was adopted, it was when our country 
was in the feebleness of its infancy; when America as yet was 
without an armv, without a navy, without a treasury, without a 
flag, without anv element of nationality whatever. Let it be 
kept well in mind, that when that heroic little band of civilians, 
thus resolved in council, to so stind by the Father of his Coun- 
try, whom they had placed in the held, they dared to brave the 
wrath of an ancient, an opulent, and a powerful Monarchy, whose 
conquering armies had shaken the earth, and whose triumphant 
navies had made her mistress of the seas — that when these 
iers affixed their signatures to this great Title-deed of 
Freedom, some of them were already proclaimed to be outlaws ; 
some of them had a price set upon their heads. [Applause.] 

The orator now read the Declaration. At the words " We, 
therefore, the Representatives of the United States of America," 
the speaker laid down the book, and uplifted the flag of our 
nationality which these words asserted, and amid continuous 
applause, repeated the same words with increased emph.i 
" We, therefore, the Representatives of the United States of 
America" Sec. 

Mayor Stokley then came forward, and receiving a spade from 
Mr. John Baird, the Chairman of the Building Committee, said : 



OF AMERU 



73 



" By authority of the Centennial Board of Finance, I will now 
proceed to break ground for the erection of the Centennial 
cultural Hall. 

The Mayor then stepped down from the platform, spade in 
hand, and dug from the green sward a sod, which was deposited 
upon the platform. The act was greeted with applause by the 
spectators, the band performing a triumphal march. 

The Mayor then announced that the assemblage would be 
addressed by Hon. Frederick M. Watts, Commissioner of Acri- 
culture of the Bureau at Washington. 

Judge Watts accordingly responded in the following address : — 

ADDRESS 

BY //".v. r /:/:/>/■:/>• i<h' m. \v.\ti 



Friends and Fei.i.ow-citizens : We are prone to congratulate 
ourselves upon the attainment of our glorious Independence — 
proudly to boast of the happily conceived Constitution and laws 
under which we live, of the commerce of the seas which we enjov, 
the ri^ht to choose the professional career of life for which our 
talent fits us, and the manufacturing industry which our em 
or tastes may indicate — freely to express our thoughts without 
tear, and, above all, and over all, to worship God according to 
the dictates of our own conscience. But what were all these if 
they were bestowed upon a barren and fruitless land ? How wor- 
thy would they be of our consideration if we could forget for a 
moment that the enjoyment of them all is dependent upon the 
successful efforts of man to cultivate the earth ? 

.t of the spirit of independence if our surroundings were 
the threatenings of poverty ? What of the fundamental law of 
the land, if for our lives and property we had not constantlv in 
view the stimulants which the productive character of the earth 
affords? What of the speculative and roving business of the 
merchant upon the high seas of the world, if he had not the 
products of agriculture to deal with ? What of the ingenuity and 
skill of the manufacturer, if his daily bodily wants were not 
supplied by the farmer ? What of the value of freedom of 



CELEBRATION OF THE N1NB1 ANS1VERSARY 

thought ami speech, if it were not for the marvellous proceeds of 
the earth, and the science and skill by which they are produced ? 
i with what spirit could we approach God's throne of grace, it 
we had not all these results for which to be thankful? 

It is fir and proper, therefore, that in the preparation now 
being made to celebrate an event which affords a resulting ex- 
ample of free government to the world, and an exposition of its 
ability to progtess in art and science for the first hundred vears ol 
life, that they who plan this work and seek to guide its progress 
fill termination should give prominence to that feature 
which will dedicate this spot to the interests ot the farmer, and 
only so, but to the undying memory ot the Hon. Richard 
Peters, who lived and dwelt here, and whose name is like a house- 
hold god in the family of" every l'ennsvl vanian, to be worshipped 
as a teacher in the scienc iculture. 

When we reflect that one-half of the population of the world is 
: in the business of agriculture, and that they and the 
other half are dependent for their existence upon its successful 
results, and both constantly hope that the bountiful supplies of 
I's providence may conduce to an abundant harvest, we have 
the united prayer of the whole human race, " God speed the 
plou 

It is not, then, to be considered a subject of wonder that v e 
assemble here to-day to signalize the effort to give prominence to 
the position which the science of agriculture is to take in this 
International Exhibition of the New World's progress. 

What occupation of life has made such strides as that of agri- 
culture ? The steam-plough of to-day will supply the labor ot the 
fifty horses of a few years ago ; the separator now does the work 
of fifty men; the reaper and its attendants will accomplish tour- 
tne work of the labor of men, and with the rake, the tedder, 
the roller, the hayfork, by all of' which labor is made easy, and the 
laborer relieved from the toil which once oppressed him. In the 
Exhibition of the world's progress there is no more favorable ex- 
ample than the march which the science of agriculture has made 
in the last century. A hundred years ago it was enough to kn<>w 
that if the earth be stirred and the s I sown their product and 

all else was the natural result ot (i I's providence; that the 
plough, rude as it was then, was the best implement with which 
to till the earth, and that seed sown by the hand of man was all 
that was necessary to enable us to drag through the natural period 
of our existence, thus made toilsome and miserable. 



"5 

But the eyes of men have been since opened. Ir is not now 
enough to know that we live and move and have our beii _■. That 

if mankind I in the work of the world 

not content thus t rawl, but were startled into an 

of ambition and enterprise by the ; >us products 

the minds of men around them, and their march was onw 
nev« to relapse into or contemplate an int< idition. 

\ ricultunst is taught to look up 

ours as the beautiful landscape n is imbi 

with the powers of lite, to breath and teed, and to yield I 
ments and products to the nursin£ and delicate operations of his 
hands. While he I the plough he perceives its use, he 

in it how the educated mind 01 man has infused mechanical science 
into its structure. I le marks well the work it has to do, and how 
well it is adapted to the work. He now contemplates th 
he commits to the earth, ai not believe that it is the work 

of chance that they grow. I 1 too, that they are imbued 

with the germinatin s of life and light. He perceives that 

the. >y the qualil : and bad; and he 

knows that perfect analogy, which characterizes life in its in 
tion, growth in its progress, the product of their results, and the- 
rmal death of' all vegetable as well as animal creation. But, above 
all, and more than all, he has learned to know himself", that he is 
a part of" th al work of God's hands, placed here to di 

and govern all these thi 

ire no artificial objects on which the agriculturist is to 
- happy life and thoughts, ["hej are the delightful 
things of nature on which he operates, and nature co 
with him in a'l his labors, an them to his contented 

spirit. And he rests upon this as the grand secret of his attach- 
ment to rural life, that, while he modulates and benefits bv her 
functions, she takes up, quickens, and completes the work ' 
han 

I here is a living, id principle in the labors of the 

agriculturist which er pursuits of life; 

the earth yields its landinci Its upon 

it, and to his cattle that walk upon it; the wil n to blow, 

the rains to tall, and the M him ; the very t; 

and snows ,,t winter give salutary checks t.> lighten 

his soil, and destroy what .1 every princi- 

ple of animal and vegetable or. in and 

operates to support and enrich him. 1 here is a charm in this 



'6 CELEBRATlOS OF THE NISETY-.\ISTH AXXIVERSARY 

which must last whilst the spirit of man feels and acknowledges 
the strivings of his own mind, and the omnipotent power of God 
around him. 

Farmers do not reason thus, but they feel it, and it is the 
mvsterious workings of this acting charm which has infused its 
sweetness into the hearts of all rural people in all ages of the 
world. 

We have assembled here to-day to initiate a leading feature of 
the approaching Centennial ; to mark and fix the place where will 
be collected the products of American soil, and the machinery 
used in its production, a place to which the attention of the world 
will be called as a marked feature of the event which the ap- 
proaching Centennial meeting is intended to commemorate. 

One hundred years ago this land was comparatively a bar- 
ren waste, the habitation of savages and wild beasts, while now 
it is a beautiful garden; the field of the farmer, the home of the 
scientist, the ciry of the merchant, the office of the student, and 
the shop of the mechanic, where all work together in the prose- 
cution of a common purpose, to promote the wealth, the health, 
and the happiness of each other, and the honor of our much 
loved country. 

In taking the first step towards the erection of this house, to 
be dedicated to the work of agricultural science, we address our- 
selves to the merchant and mechanic, the active and energetic 
motive powers of busy life, and ask them to look with favor upon 
a project which has for its object the display of industry and 
science, as exemplified by the products and implements of agri- 
culture. The busy marts of men are filled with the products of 
the farmer. His success and his profits largely contribute to 
that trade and commerce which are the products of vour enter- 
prise. 

While the abundant yield of the husbandman enriches him the 
result is favorably felt in every department of the merchant's 
counting-house and the mechanic's shop. As then you move and 
make vour impress upon the minds or men, let your actions be 
tempered with the idea that all business, whether in the merchant's 
store, the mechanic's shop, or the mariner's ship upon the ocean, 
is dependent for its working elements upon the product of the 
farm. 

We will not appeal in vain to the professor and the student, 
who po^sess the lights of reason and enjoy the fruits of know- 
ledge, that their influence may be thrown into the scale of agri- 



OF AMERICAS ISDIPESDF.SCK. 77 

cultural progress, that while you have in your hands that helm 
of power which gives direction to the elements of government 
you will always hue in mind that to promote the true and efficient 
principles of' political economy, to expand and increase the influ- 
ence of that virtue whereby alone we may hope to maintain our 
own free government and laws is to encourage the farmer. 

We ask of the statesman while he advocates the interests of 
his constituents at the bar of* the Senate; of the lawyer who ad- 
vocates the cause of his client at the bar of justice, and of that 

red office which advocates the cause of man at the bar of 
II i, that they may ever remember the magnitude of the 

bounties of Gods providence which come form the hands of the 
husbandman. 

Let me not forget to exhort her whose influence is alwa\ 
Strongly marked upon the characters of men, from their cradle to 
their grave, to look kindly and with favor upon tnat marked 
morality which characterizes the life of the husbandman — the 
mother whose affections root so deeply in the existence of her 
child ; whose anticipations are often stimulated to painful 
anxiety tor its welt. ire ; who watches its progress in life with an 
eye to doubt and danqer ; whose hopes are elevated to the Giver 
thai I I * v. smile graciously upon the career of her 
darling child, or whose tearful forebodings may be realized in the 
tacle that he is despised by the society of men and frowned 
upon bv the attributes of Heaven. We invoke the prayer of thi» 
influence on the work this day began. And to all those assembled 
here we ask a helping hand and cheerful spirit in aid of those 
patriotic men who have undertaken to exhibit to the world the 
! which lias been made in science and art under the stimu- 
lating influence of a free government. 

The ceremonies closed with the performance of a patriotic air. 

After the exercises the Mavor, Council, President of the Com- 
mission and other invited guests proceeded over Belmont and 
•ed the river to Swansonia, where in the hospitable Strawberry 
M »n a banquet had been prepared tor them by the City. 

The remainder of the visitors at this point dispersed. 

The absence of <■ ... Hartranrt was greatly regretted — he was 
prevented from attending by a sudden and severe in on. 



;3 

'T— ■ ' — — 

The gavel prepared tor his use from the wood of Independence 
Hall has been since transmitted to him in remembrance of the 
occasion with th< i of the Commi- 

Tin: f:.\ \'jf/rr. 



Arriving at that beautiful spot, which overlooks the Schuyl- 
kill, and ex; w the upper part of the distant Centennial 
Buildings, the carr: re again unloaded, and the " 
i unmenced. Mr Grim, the excellent boniface of this delightful 
retreat, ushered the party into the banqueting room on the first 
floor, to partake of the dinner furnished for the city officials. 
Mayor Stokley was called to the head of the table. He was 
surrounded by Frederick Fraley, Secretary of the Centennial 
Commission; John Welsh ; Ex-Governor Patton, of Alabama, 
Un: tes Centennial Commissioner; I K»Governor Bigler; 
I). J. Morrill, the indefatigable Commissioner of this State; 
Frederick M. Watts, Chief Commissioner of the Agricultural 
Department at Washington; Professor Am.ua McCoy, of Chi- 
cago; Thomas Cochran, of the Finance Committee; Mr. Smed- 
ley, of the Survey Department; John L. Shoemaker, Chairman 
of the Council Committee on Centennial Commission, and 
Solicitor of the body. After ample justice had been dme to the 
welcom <r all present were ex v hungry after 
their long ride, the health of Gen. Hawley, " I he gallant soldier, 
brilliant statesman, and able Centennial Comi -," was 
propose . G neral Hawley was loudly called tor, and, in re- 
spo: "I can do no less than to acknowledge this kind 
compliment, but I confess I have nothing to say, because all I 
it present is on Centennial, and there is nothing for me to 
on that subject in Philadelphia. You are all acquainted wirh 
our wants, and have responded magnificently to all our calls for 
aid. I think you I r generosity, and I am able to exj 
profound satisfaction that the people throughout this great nation 
are beginning to see the necessity of the success of this great 



or Aften/CA.'- - i 

undertaking in the same light that I wiig I I for 

\ t V irk, where, in the upper part of thai .1 shall review 

the j >rk, and the interest and labors displayed in this C 

to promote its prosperity ami make it a national success and 

■ r." 
\" r the applause which followed the general's remarks had 
the health of "The great Centennial finan ier, I 

Governor Bigler i take 

this an occasion to make a Centennial speech, but I cam 
the opportunity without expressing mv assurance of the honorable 
success of this great enterprise, I have been sensitive on that 
point from the beginning, but I am now assured that all will 
come out ri^'nt. But if any emergency should occur I am sure 
Philadelphia will come to our rescue." Dr. Burnell then pro- 

d the health of the " Centennia >r, Win. Stokley." 

Ill lonor, in reply, said : " I arise to respond with great pride 
for Philadelphia. It is a proud day for this City. She has 
proven to the United States and to the world that she is able to 
successfully carry on a great National undertaking almost without 
outside aid. Three years ago it was said she could not carry the 
burden it National Exhibition, but I think she has admi- 

rably proven that she can do more if necessary. It shall be a 
success, and the money will be furnished by our citizens to insure 
that end to an unlimited amount. If the United I iovern- 

ment leaves the undertaking where it now is, we will, unai 
take it up and carry it gloriously through. Philadelphia is the 
only City in the Union that cannot get anything from the g 
eminent when she asks tor it. It is because we have a high- 
spirited pride, and will not go down on our knees and beg tor 
help. We will help ourselves, ami do it successfully." 

At the close of hil H >r's speech, Chief Engineer Sn 
of the Survey Department, proposed the health of John Welsh, 
President ot the Board of Finance. Mr. Welsh said : " M) 
principle is to go onward and forward, and I hope this L're.it 
undertaking will proceed onward and forward to Success. I 
lievc the country is coming to our aid with cordiality that will 



8o 



CELEBRATION OF THE .: \ERSARY 



satisfy all. I have evidence from all parts of the country to this 
effect, and I think now, with no great effort, we will receive the 
entire support of the various States." 

Mr. Shoemaker then arose and stated that many of the gentle- 
men desired to visit the Concert at Machinery Hall, and he 
thought the assembly better retire. This suggestion was quickly 
carried out, and the party returning to their carriages, left the 
grounds, some for Machinery Hall, and others to various parts 
of the Park. The reporters were, through the courtesy of his 
Honor, Mayor Stokley, provided with seats at the banqueting 
board. 



, M^ 







Xi 




Tin-; i;i:i;\i.\\ i>i:\u\\'sti;.\tk\V 

; I i 11 



The Centennial Humboldt Festival O on, having been 

invited by the Committee of Arrangements of' the Centennial 
Finance, resjlvcd to take part in the Demonstra- 
tion. The ceremonies were to commence at : P. M. preciv. 
and to consist of instrumental and vocal music, and orations. 



82 CELEBRATION OF THE SIS F. I Y-S1S7H A.VSIl'EKSARY 

Shortly after one o'clock, the respective societies assembled 
at Pennsylvania and Fairmount avenues, and marched in the 
following order, colors flying, and drums beating, through the 
k by Fairmount entrance: Chief Marshal, Mr. Turnwart 
I I ier, with a staff" of aids, escorted by a company of German 
Turners (gymnasts), the delegates of the organization; Koltes 
Post, No. 228, G. A. R. ; the singing societies: Liederkranz, Al- 
lemania Sincing Association, Germania Ma-nnerchor, Union Saen- 
gerbund, Arion, Saengerbund, is partly as societies and partly as 
delegations; company of Herman Lodge, K. of P.; Humboldt 
Loii N . 95, and members of other societies. The rear was 
brought up by companies of the Turners Societies. The proces- 
sion, about 1500 men, marched first to the site of the corner-stone 
for the Humboldt Monument, where a choir of singers composed 
of over 100 male voices, under the leadership of Professor Kuenzel 
sung "The German Maennergesang," by Abt and ** The Watch 
on the Rhine," in superior style, and then re-formed and passed 
on to " the Hills " mansion,* where it assembled under the 
shadow of the ancient trees surrounding it. The north side of 
the verandah of the mansion, was appropriately decorated with the 
National colors of America and Germany, as well as with the 
flags of other nations. Mr. Lorenz Herbert, a prominent Ger- 
man citizen/ called the meeting to order. Among those present 
were, besides the delegates of the Centennial Organization, some 
of the most active members of the Monument Association: Con- 
sul Rudolph Koradi; G. Schandein ; George Doll; Richard M. 
Muckld; and as guest, the Consul General of Germany, at New 
York, Dr. Herman A. Schuhmachcr. 

After the singing of the Star Spangled Banner, in which the 
audience joined, the chairman, Mr. Herbert, then introduced Mr. 
Charles S. Kevser, who delivered an oration in the English lan- 
guage, which was received with great applause. Mr. Kevser 
before proceeding to address the assemblage, addressed the dele- 



* The site of the residence of Hubert Morris, the Financier of the American Revo- 
lution. 

t Vice President ot the Monument 






«3 



•ir, thanking them in the name of the Celebrai 
well as the Committee on the Ceremonies of which 

the orator was Chairman, for their participation in the 

•>y this brilliant demonstration. He then sp 
follows : — 

" I pirit of the i the event, ami in to- 

walks to murro 

The enthusiasm of these continuous eel 
tions, Concord and Lexington, Mecklenburg and Hunker Hill, 

I which precedes the festal j the 

c, realizes to us its grandeur and its glory. We live 

in the hour. The spirit us event is 

>re the event, with its banners, its blare of" trum- 

, its clash of arms, and its multitudes of p The tramp 

hty army bearing the trophies of a century of freedom on 

the earth moves the h the land, and echoes back from all 

other lands. It is that army returning that went forth from our 

rntury ago — the army created by ■ great Baron of 

your rai man men ! 

illen in its ranks Ion 
his j Commander lives only in immortal 

'it the ranks are cl«> 
: the livi 1 in the pla I, and they who 

ly in the last marches of that lont; cam; 
tury loi rhat 

army of the living and the d irns a might] pierors 

lostile v .m hum ' . nder 

and stronger than in the earlier time, it conns back r. »r conquer- 
.'.[), ami the trophies 

of that long campaign. I; ■ every land 

s heart ; t I at 

last it d ing of' I -.t army of 

■ 
the inn: Your friends and brothel 

army ; that i leader i- 

ij — the lined el -her 

on this ground sha I uis monument 

; his eulogy. Pi . n, tor the hour i , to his 

tor the 
hour of glory to the land; it is no longer future; it is here! 



VERSARY 

This multitude to-day arc not the couriers of the cominE* time, 
thev are the battalions of the host themselves ; these are the so 
that fill the air, the glittering lances, the banners of the fesral 
year. We are passing with them this hour through the last por- 
tal of the old century ; the grand temple of peace rises bef >re us, 
with their laurels and palms, their garlands and crowns; the joy 
bells are ringing; the cannon thundering. 

i " Der Deul he Mannei :s then sunfj by the 

s, after which Dr. G. K liner, of the German Democrat, 

delivered an address, of which the following is the text and a 

literal translation : 

\W-lcome here on this f iv, on this hall" t. Five 

hi the l 6th day <>t September, the corner-stone 

was laid here of the Monument of a man who is recognized as one 

the noblest and worthiest representatives of the highest culture 

the mind of modern times — of the Monument of Alexander 
I lumboldt. Then, at the centennial anniversary of his birth, we 
thought, above all thimj;s, of the renown and intellectual urea': 
of the man which has made him the cosmopolitan, the rev 

her and leader of science for all nations and all times, and the 
bright example for the exploration of the universe and the dis- 
co\ cry of the highest truth. 

I day we are assembled here to a sort of preliminary festival 
for 1876, where, by theerection of the proposed Monument, we 
intend not only to honor ourselves but also our dear fatherland 
. loption. 'Idle great Republic, whose citizens we are, signifies 
peace and liberty. 1 he arts of peace, therefore, are the ones that 
must form her firm foundation. And knowledge it is that must 
be the leader of the nation and the instructor of our youth, if the 
holy fire of freedom and human dignity shall not expire, which 
ninety-nine years day was kindled on the altar of the 

Union; if the work of the fathers of the Republic shall be a 
blessed and lasting one. Knowledge is power — is the highest 
power of a free nation, without which the exercise of its sover- 
ity is without sense and object, and without duration, because 
the latter must then act, not for the weal, but for the woe of all. 
Therefore, we do not look to the hero of bloody battles to point 
out to us the right path that leads to national welfare and national 
greatness, and To true refinement and culture. Our heroes, our 



OP AMBK.CAM 85 

leaders, are the men of peaceful labor, whose pi rial, 

industrial, and mcnt.il exertions created the progress of humanity 

— >ur heroes are th. >rs and explorers. The sword, 

has sometimes but the plough, the hammer, and 

the 1 n, and art and science, have it a I v. I 

quers empires, but it vs them ; but labor ,: 

nothing, but pi everything. V. 

warrior, but he was '., .is .i tow, 1 lawful 

iwful order. And am >ne the ies of p 

I I . >ne of the highest p.>si;: 

Therefore, we select him of German or rhe inte 

representati our works, and our iunding 

and pr R public. German pion 

•tally were the ones who cultivate nsylvania over 

hundred years a with the sword but with labor of p< 

and German-Americans contributed some of the best tro 

; but, immediately upon the -ion of the 

war, they set th !eof peaceful works to all again. Culture, 

P and Liberty, are the three signifi must adorn 

the banner of the Republic. All that the citizens of German 
:n can contribute thereto shall be done. ( is our vow to- 

day at the spol tion of a Monument real 

champion ofscienc .tend to furnish the evidence before the 

entire country and the whole world that we are solemnlv in ear 
with this vow. 

In the course of a year we shall meet arjain and at this spot. 
W ith yreat demonstrations and festivities we shall unveil the 
Monument of the man whom we have selected as the representa- 
tive of all accomplishments by which the whole Teutonic race 

. Icnowledged by all 
our fellow-citizens, and whose culture and human 
shin imple to all. Honor to free labor! Honor to free 

irch and science ' With this v. . one the civic p 

and lib th R public rever and ever ni.iv 

live the State or I :, the Union of 1'eace and Liberty — the 

the United 

Xebc OOtl Ur. ,'1. Xeffner. 

aBillfommcn! SBUlfommen bier on biefem feftUdjen Jtoge, on biefec 
gerocibten Statte! vna max rt, noooc funf §atyttn berettt am n;. 
September L869, bee ©runbftein gelegt nwrbe ju bem Siomnnent fin 



86 

cinen SRaitn, moldioo alo einet bet ebelften unb routbigften SReptdfentan 
ten bet fjddjften iloung mobetnet ;'.oit gilt, ju bem IKonumont 

fin iHlooanboo vnmibolbt. 

Tanmlo bei bet &unbcttjaljtigen Jeiet feinefl ©eburtStageS gebadjten 
roit oot alien SDingen boo 9tu&me8 unb bet gciftigen ©tdjje jenefl -Oum= 
noo, bio iliii jum SBcltbutget, jum gefcietten Septet unb Aubror bet 
SBiffcnfdjaft fut atte SBbltct unb oUe Seiten gemaajt babon, jum laid) 
tenben Scifpiel fut (Stfotfc&ung bed 2Bcltall3 hud bet Stgtunbung boo 
bodmon 2Sabrf)ett. SDamald rooltten roit oot alien 2)ingen ibu obion, 
iin? babutdj audi un8 felbft. 

vouto finb roit hiev oerfamraelt jutSBotfeiet fur Is';*;, rooroitbutdj 
Sttidjtung beS ptojeftitten 5Ronument3, oot alien iDingen 3eugmfiubet 
unfet cigned SSBefen ablegen unb in bet SScteptung §umbolbtt uidu bloo 
iino felbft, fonbetn audi unfet tbouioo Stboptio • SBatetlanb ju efcten ge 
benfen. 

Tio gto&e SRepublif, beten 93utget roit finb, bebeutet Jtieben unb 
bebeutct ftteibeit. J)ie ftunfte boo Jtiebend, bio 33i(bung boo 93olte, 
muffen U)t foftoo Aunbamont fcin. Unb bao SBtffen, bio Jtultut boo 
©cifted, n't oo, moldioo boo Aiibooo boo Nation unb boo Sebjet boo 3u 
genb fein man, roenn bao IjeUigc aouov boo Aioiboit unb iKonfdioumuvbo, 
moldioo bouto oot '.»'•' gabion auf bom 'Jlltav boo Union entjunbet muibo, 
nidn oolofdiou, mo, m bio gtofic SBetf bet SBfttet boo SRepublif ein gel 
noioo, ein eroige8 fein foil. „2Biffen ift ""iadit," ift bio litUiilr SDtaajt 
einet fteien Station, obno moldto bio Studubung ibooo voboit unb Selbft- 
tegictung, iboov Souoetanitdt, obno Sinn unb SBetftanb unb obno Tattoo 
ift, roeil fio alobauu nidn jum fceil, fonbetn jum Unboil fut Hlle 
roetben nuif;. 

uilb fdjauen roil nidit auf bio Jjelben blutigct 2dilad)ton, uin uno 
ben ticbtigen 3Beg ju jeigen jut "^oiloiooblfabi't, jut IRationalgtdfje unb 
;u tnbtoo Rultut anb ©eftttung. Unfete §elben, unfete Aitbvov 
fino bio gtofjen iiDtonnet ftieblidjct Sttbeit, beten a,omooblid)o, inbit 
fttielle unb geiftige Slnfttengungen ben Aovtidnitt boo "AKouidibcit fdm 
fon Uufooo §elben finb bio gtofjen Stfinbet unb Aovfdioo. iHuoh bao 
iroett bat juroeilen b.io rKodit, abet boo SPflug, bio ;'U;t, bet vaim 
moo, boo -Ji'obftul)!, bio .\\'iuft unb bio ^jiifoufebaft babou oo i in mo v. 
T,io Scfjroett etobett rKadio, abec oo jetftbtt fio audi. Die Htbeit abet 
ctobert bio ffielt unb jetftbrt -.Kidito, fonbetn ovbalt I'll loo. SBaffjing 
ton roat gtofj alo Adbbooo, abet gtdfjet alo Sutget, alo Scgrunbet boo 
m'foulubou Ai'iobouo, bet iv.'foulidion Dtbnung unb boo batauf gegtun> 
beten Aioiboit. 

Unb untct bou §elben boo Aiiobono niiuint I'lloranbov -vMimbolbt einen 
bet bodifton '^lat.io ein. r.rouin m.iblon roit ibn, boo auo boutfdiom 



Of 

mine entfproffen, alo ben geifrigen !Repr&fentanten unferci 
uno unfetefl 3Birfen4 fut bio ©vunbung unb Die liilialtnna. biefet Nepiu 
blif. Tentidie ^Jioniere lianptiadilid) roaren co, roe I die $ennfn[oanien 
cultioirten, idion doc fop 200 x "\alu - en, nidit mit bom Sdjiroert, fonbern 
burdj Die Slrbeit boo JriebenS. Unb reiitulpiHmevifaner. Daren 
be ju ben beften Ifruppen SBafbington'fl gebbtten, obec fofort nod) 
ung befl Unabb&ngigteitft*itampfe6 roiebet alien Snbern alo 3 
bilo mit frieblidjet Srbeit ootan gingen. 

„3}tlbung, a vie ben unb Ate ihcit" unb bio bvei inbaltofdiroc-- 
ven roeldje ba8 Sonnet bet Republic jieten muffen. SlUei, i 

bio $urget beutfdjet Slbtunft baju beitrogen fonnen, foil gefdjeben. 
i ift unfet @elbbni| am lientiaai Sage, on biefet geroeUjten Stitte, 
too roit bind) Crtidjtung beS Stanbbiibefl oimo grofen 93orffimpfer3 bet 
2i>iffenfd)aft dot bom gangen Sanbe, Dot bet gangen SBelt ben Seroete 
ilium gebenfen, bafj oo unfet beiliget (Ernft in mit biefem feietlidjen 
Welolmif;. 

v \n JabteSftift I'elien roit nno nriebet an biefet 2 telle; roeioen roiv 
liiev inner gtofjartigtn Temoiimationen nno Aeieilidileiten bad 8ilb 
boo 9)ianne3 uiiouiKn, roeldjen roit alo Keprafentanten oiler geiftigen 
SBorjuge ertoren, roobutd) fid) nidit oloo bio oentuiie, fonbern bio ge 
fammte germanifd)e obet ten ton if die 9tace aito;eidmet, beffen geiftige 
•;o oon alien unfern I'iitlmiaait anerfamtt roirb, unb beffen 8U= 
bung unb $umanitdt ~JU Ion ein leiiditenbeo SBorbUb fein 'oil. 
(ilne bet freien Strbeit! Gtjre bet freien ^orfdjung imb SBiffenfdjaft! 
Untet biefem 2Badjtruf auein roirb bet Surgetfriebenunb bie Aieilieit 
in glorreidjet SKajeftat bauernb begrunbel fie$en! 83te in alio 3eiten 
lel'e nneifduitteit mm iHnnen unb im "muutii Dor Stoat bet 2trbeit, Dao 
8tfp( nno Dor Sunb boo Jricbettf nno bet Aieilieit, Die SRepublif bet 
SBeteinigten Staaten! 

The programme closed with a hearty rendition of the " Wacht 
am R •.,'" sung by almost all of the thousands of Germans 
e n c. 

Die Sadbf am fftlftln, 

bianft ein :).nf roie roiinevtdiall, 
SBie Sdjiroertgettirt unb SBogcnptaU: 
.linn iwKiii, mm .~)ilioin, unu beutfdbcn ."Nliein, 
Set roill Deo 2tvomeo .vmter fein! 
itetlanb, nniin't vniiia, fein, 
.it nno tveii Die 2Badjt am ftljein! 



88 CELEBRATION OF THE S1SETV-S1STII ASS1VERSARY 

Durdj §unberi \lmcll, 

Unb "Ma- 2tugen bltyen bell: 

Tor ®eutfd)e bieber fromm imb ftarf, 
..: bie fceiTge Sant 
Siieb' SBaterfanb magft nujig fein, 
geft ftdjt unb treu bie SSadjt am Jibein! 

(iv bltrft binanf in §hnmelSau'n, 

Jpelbenoater nieberfdjau'n, 
Unb [chrodrt in ftoljer RampfeSluft: 
„2)u rKiu'in bleibft beutfd^ roie mcine SrufU" 
8icb' SBaterfanb magft ruhig fein, 
ft [tcijt unb treu bie SBadjt am :»ii)cin! 

[ang etn ^ropfcn SJbtt nodi glu&t, 

SJtodj cine Aiiuft ben Segen }i 

lino nodi ein SXrm bie S3ucbfe fpamtt, 

SBetritt fein geinb bier bcinen Stranb! 
S*icb' Staterumb mogft ruing icin, 
geft (tcbt nn& treu Die SBadjt am SRIjeut! 

SDer Sdjrour aidiallt, bio SBoge rinnt, 
Tie gabnen Pattern bodi im 2Btnb: 
&m rKbein, am Sftbein, am beutfdjen rKlicin, 
2Bir Sue molten \nttcv icin. 
8ieb' Saterfanb magft rubtg icin, 
ft (tcbt unb treu Die SBacljt am :)il)cin! 

Ar the close of the celebration the societies took up the line of 
march to Machinery Hall, a portion only, however, followed the 
line, the rest mingled with the throng and dispersed over the 
grounds. The celebration was universally noted tor its dignified 
and not less joyous and festive character. 






«9 




'.: 






»w/«t 



a;f|K\ro\'i; 



\ 11. XX IAL FOUN l'.\ IX. 

BV rUE CATHOLIC I. A. DNIOM OF AMERICA. 



The Celebration at the site of the Centennial Fountain was of 
n verv interesting character. The site was visited throughout 
the day by thousands of the public, and during the afternoon, 
prior and subsequent to the formal ceremonies prescribed by the 
programme, was a general centre of attraction. 

1 lie location is beyond the western terminus of Machinery 

II ill, at the base of the sloping declivity crowned by <> 

Hill. The Fountain will stand on the middle line of an avenue, 

nding tor three-quarters of a mile, one hundred and twenty 

wide — bordered by the out door flora of the Exhibition, 

literally an avenue of flowers, from every clime. In design, it is 



90 CE/.' Of THE A VTB AtmiVMKSAKY 

a circular platform, with tour arms projecting at right angles, 
terminating in tour smaller circular platforms. From the centre 
of the large circle, a marble rock work sixteen feet high, with a 
diameter at base eighteen feet, slightly truncated, and conical in 
shape, rises, and on this stands a statue of Moses typifying the 
miracle ot the water and the rock ; the water descends from 
numerous fissures in the mound into a basin, forty feet in diam- 
eter, entirely encircling the rock. A coping wall of marble sur- 
rounds the basin and forms its sides. This wall rests upon the 
platform, which is of granite, five feet wide, with steps to 
the ground. The arms extend outward ten Jit inches; 

they are nine teet wide. The four circular platforms in which 
they terminate, are i feet diameter. On each of these will 

stand a drinking fountain, twelve feet in height, and eight teet 
eight inches in diameter, surmounted b\ s of Tyrolese 

marble, nine feet high; the figures represented by these being 
.'.; Mathew, th stle of Temperance; Charles Car- 

roll, of Carrollton, a Signer ot the Declaration of American 
Independence; Archbishop John Carroll, illustrious tor his 
services in the Revolution; and Commodore John Barry, the 

'.: naval hero of the Revolution. The designer of the entire 
work is Herman Kirn, of Philadelphia. 

r the site of the pro] M tnument, a commodious 

staging had been erected and decorated with the National and 
State colors, the flig of Erin, and the banners of the Catholic 
I . tinence Organizations. 

I re were present on the stand, the Rev. Patrick Byrne, 
President C. T. A. U. of America; Rev. [gnatius F. Horstmann, 
I). D.; Rev. Michael Filan ; Rev. James i . Mulholland ; Rev. 
Jas. O'Reilly, the Spiritual Director; John 11. Campbell, Pr 
dent; Dr. Michael O'llara, Chairman of the Centennial Com- 
mittee; and the following members of the Board ot Government: 
, Vice President; Philip L. I I enneberry, Editor; 
Henry La r kin, Treasurer; Philip A. Nolan, Corresponding 
Ctary ; Wm. J. Power, Recording Secretary; Peter E. Nu- 
gent, Financial Secretary; Patrick Lamb, Sergeant-at-arms; 



|ohn A. Daly, Peter Mundy, and Wm. S. B inty 

I ■ C. T. A. U. ol ; I I .' of Phila- 

; J ihn A. Clark, I >r of the Columbus Monu- 

lonj ; Charles S. Keyser, 1 f 1 ( >mmitte< 

the Celebrati 

There were also present, in full regalia, tl if the 

local Societies, the Parish Centennial i 1 I 

to the Arch Diocesan Union. 

The Band of the II Family T. A. B. Society, by which 
the mus iven, was also on th 

At the hour appointed tor the ceremonies an immense assem- 
:e had gathered. As the different societies filed in order on 
the round surrounding the site of the Fountain, their 

standard-bearers m with the distinctive r1.ii;s of their 

div: .id bands of ma! oursing patriotic airs, the scene 

me ot rare magnificence. On everj re tem- 

perance men, wearing their picture- ilia, forming a striking 

and utrast with the light dresses <>r the ladies, of whom 

there was also a lar^e number, the verdure of George's Hill in 
the background, and tli- t of" the surrounding trees When 

all the B were on the (ground one of the bands struck up a 

martial air, and to its stains each society in a methodical manner 
hi in lines encircling the Fountain site and the tem- 
in the form unburst," thus typifying the 

ancient device on Irish flag ' >n the conclusion of an over- 

ture by the band the pi inaugurated by Hon. John 

I I . I impbell, Chairman ot the meeting. II . . : — 

I i.t.ow i Amidst the ceremonies that take place to- 

>r the Centennial Fountain find 
worthy place. Jt is fitting and proper that the w iuld be 

commenced upon the Anm of the Declaration oflndej 

c, tor the Fountain is to b I in comma n ot the 

gre.i or the R irked out that Independence 

to a practical result. I itch will adorn un- 

tain will be ' triots, nun ot sterling worth and ch.ir.Kter, 

3 will survive so long as lib .,cn, 



92 °F THE . XERSARY 

Commodore Barry, Charles Carroll, and John Carroll are illus- 
trious names, to which even a monument can scarcely do justice. 
And with them will be another name — of* one who brought 
happiness to thousands of American homes, who stands with the 
heroes of earlier times, his work a fitting supplement to their 
labors. In the immortal Father Mathew we have a representative 
of our total abstinence organization — one who taught by practical 
lessons that political liberty and individual happiness go hand-in- 
hand. And to crown the work appears the great Lawgiver, 
Moses — a patriot of the highest type — who, like our own hei 
accomplished the independence of his people from a calling voke 
of injustice ami oppression. In building this Monument we are 
paying a tribute to republican institutions. The members or our 
organization have, in common with all other classes of our citi/ 

srienced the bl< I civil and i is liberty, and they 

now testify by their pr ind by their interest in our cere- 

mony to-day their appreciation of those bl , and their 

acknowledgment of the fact that in this Republic the fullest 
development of liberty can be attained. May we hope that our 
beautiful Fountain will remain for ages, to tell of the noble deeds 
of men who have conferred upon mankind blessings that are 
truly inestimable. 

The gentleman was repeatedly interrupted by bursts of enthu- 
siastic applause. When the cheering ha i somewhat subsided the 
band of the bather Mathew I'. A. B. Society, No. |, played the 
Star-spangled Banner. 

At the conclusion of Mr. Campbell's address he introduced 
the Hon. Joseph R. Chandler, who spoke as follows: — 

I highly appreciate and am heartily thankful for the honor 
conferred on me in the call to address this meeting. Like you, 
my fellow-citizens, I look back with gratitude to the labors and 
sufferings that sanctify this Anniversary, as they achieved the 
Independence which we enjoy, and whose Declaration we celebrate. 
I am in full sympathy with the measure of moral science which is 
avowed in your special organization, as I am in full communion 
with the creed which teaches temperance and sustains you in its 
support ; and I see a beautiful propriety in devoting tie day that 
US National Independence of foreign power to the celebra- 
tion of the efforts of your society to insure to our pe -pie ind'- 



OF AM 



vidua! independence from a bad social habit that dimini 
individual ability to do the work of good citizens. M ly the 

1 nee Societies exist and flourish till there shall 

be no intemperance to demand their united labor, until our 
shall have rfect work and purged the morals 

•he manners of social life. Temperance soc: 
have been formed in this country and have perished ; but not 
they had achieved any conclusive triumph. The evil 
seemed to augment, and the reaction was most deplorable. A 
why t! Let us be charitable; undoubtedly the 

motive was good, but the temptation to produce ulterior eff 

■ who, even though they could denounce 

the intoxicating liquors, could not forbear the stimulant 

of political excitement; and they degraded the principle, moral 

irm, by malcing it a i s at the ballot-box. Hatred 

of intoxication is not enou. . I he love of man, which induces 

• the promotion of temperence, must be subordi- 

ro, ami directed by, a lov 1. The hope of diminish- 

the social ami domestic evil of intemperance must be r 

on the co-operation of a high religious motive, and theprophe 

I and others make of your success are inspired by the 

lence which your name affords, that you consulc the Church 

when you adopt means to prevent evil and produce go I em- 

.nee Society ! That is a good, impressive name. Temperance 

Benevolent Societ] ' That shows that you consult various m< 

of good, and strengthen your association by augmenting the 

interests of the members. " Catholic Temi I lent 

Ah! that is a name that at once shows what are the 

grounds of your hope of success, ami what are the stimulants to 

exertion. 

The weapons which you use are indeed carnal, but thev derive 

a mighty efficacy from the altar upon which they are la: cti- 

Vou have received them in the name of our Holy Re- 

i have unsheathed them for the triumph of a virtue 

; i the Church has declared cardinal, and you have no reason 

to fe.ir defeat while your la sanctified by the approval, and 

lined by the bl< I that Church. We are in the midst 

of Centennial Ann s, of events that preceded the action 

that giv entennial. All occurences that 

are great by the importance of their influence on nations and 

seem to have been heralded by some movement eminently 

i!)lc ; some event of singular significance, or some occurrence 



94 

that may be regarded as a necessary prelude to great events, that 

thus cast their The world's historv is well 

nhy indicates the relation of" the sign to the 

lificance, and what at first seems accidental, is found to 
the nec< rollary of preceding events. 

what is the special object of" our assembling to-dav with 
thi th of' numbers, this gathering of' societies, this disj 

of" banners in imposing array to strike the eye while all the time 
blowing martial sounds" invades the ear? 
Why, of all days in the year, is this, that seems to have a pre- 
scriptive right to social revelry, or individual excess, chosen, and 
why do the children of temperance present themselves on the 
place which, at best, mistaken patriotism, patriotism m its 

proper exponent, has too often selected for orgies that have no 
utterance, in measured amusement or temperate f \nd 

whj ome up to such a c ■ :on, theanoi irdians 

of the altar, whose duty it is to calm the tumult, and say to the 
noisy social element ill?" The object of' all this 

is to commence the work of erecting on this spot a Monument 
to perpetuate the memory of" the Declaration of our National In- 
dep< , and to gratitude and pride in those who pro- 

moted that Declaral I in those who assist, sh what 

had leclared. And while there are an expressed liberality 

of" views, enlarged conception of what the occasion demands, and 
a determination to leave nothing to accident or narrow calculation, 
it is resolved that the offering shall not only be worthy the altar 
on which it is laid, but that it shall also be ive of the vi 

and principl who present the sacrifice. It is to he not 

only the exponent of' the feelings of a single section of the country, 
but it is to stand as a testimony of the undying '■ Virtue, 

Liberty and [ndep 1 by all Cathol 

threat Union who, with their love of country, unite the belief in 
the necessity of preserving personal virtue for the sak teral 

liberty. 

I Catholic Temperance Societies of this Diocese, inviting 
the approval and aid of Catholics in other parts of the nati 
claim a ri^ht b. ires" to show how true have been the 

repi of their creed to the great interests ot the country, 

and while they use this means for the perpetuation of that truth, 
they thank God that their fellow-citizens of other creeds have the 
right, the means, and the resolution to give companionship to 
the Catholic Memorial by erecting other Monuments that shall 



of ex. 95 

represent patriotic devotion. On this day, ninety-nine years ago, 
representatives of the people of the then Color. iared them- 

ind their constituents a free people, and those Colonies an 
independent nation. No, I am wrong, it was ninety-nine y 
erdav, that that world-influencing and Heaven-appro 
it occurred. But yesterday was th I and this is 

the people's day, and patriotism concedes to piety the primacy of 
.ion, and b tor the second commemoration a part 

of the sanctity of the first. And to-day we blend the Sabbath of 
the nation with the sanctified Sabbath of religion, uniting the 
Holy Day and the Holiday. We have come up hither, as 
Catholic patriots, to thank God for hi to us and ours, 

and to do honor to the sufferings and sacrifices of those thro 
whom these blessings ar nmemorate the merits 

of the men by whose exam- chings those blessings are 

augmented and perpetua 

But there is one special object in this celebration, one that only 
ts resort to this beautiful scene on which ■ .1 — hill, 

and stream all inviting concurrence, all rewarding efforts, 
and all improving taste. 

But the spot on which we stand is hallowed by special d« 
tion here are to rise temples of discord, halls of dissipa- 

tion ; not here are athletes to waste, by profitless exhibition, 
their physical power. But " Temper who has connected 

herself with patriotism, and c the union with religion, 

invites us hither to see her trench the line and define the limits 
of a Monument worthy of that Temperance, that patriotism, and 
that religion. 

To-day the first sod is to be lifted from the sward that c< 
the ground on which shall be reared the Monument that is to 

.it is hallowed in revelation, what is cherished by U! 
piety, what is r 1 by us as a virtue, and what is glorious 

in our conception of patriotism. And this proposed monument 
takes its form and the name of " Fountain, ' a place and means 
•emperate refreshment; so beautifully appropriate to the great 
object of the societies by which it is to 1 :, so expressive 

ot th i influence of r 

It is a most consistent idea that, while the productions of 
art which are to adorn the place ar. the forms of men 

;uished them I cercise of the loftier virt 

of humanity, and shed a sancti istre upon the duties and 

•rincs of the Church, the Catholicity of the intention of the 



96 CBLBBKA1 try 

providers of the specimen of skill is no less illustrated. The 
universality of the Church's extent is shown bv the freedom 

r, and the r supplied are (or all who 

will resort to the Fountain. Primarily the Monument, 
of Monuments, for which we are making preparations, will be 
ded to temperance, to the tempera - 

blessings, and the multiplication of the means by which a ch 
ened appetite may he gratified without abuse, while the necessities 
of our nature may be mini with liberality. The Monu- 

ment there to be erected, is to be 1 to usefulness, to the 

public ^ood. It is a pr iper offering of the citizens to the spirit 
of Utility. It is, in th of its commencement, and in the 

ion chosen for its completion, an offering of lofty patriotism. 
It is, in the ijreat figures by which it is to be formed and decora- 
ted, a : religious obligation and the n ut 
purity and self-sacr 

The central figure, Moses compelling water from the 

rock, is expressive of the if Catholic Temperance Socie- 

ties, abundance without abuse, enjoyment without ex An- 

other figure is the Rev. Theobald Mathew — Father Mathew, 
pre to the world his argument against intoxication, and 

offering the temperance pledge. Admirably appropriate is this 
figure. In the group it loses none of its significance in the recol- 
lection of the country which gave birth to the Apoule of Tem- 
perance, and from which so many of you claim descent. 

These two figures, the prophet Moses and Father M .-hew, 
arc the only ones of the group whose originals were not American 
citizens. We cannot regard as a matter of censure that the great 
Hebrew prophet was p 1 by circumstances from profv 

by our naturalization laws (great laughter), and Father Mathew 
was tree of every place where he could find a standpoint from 
which to preach temperance on Catholic principles. A citizen of 
the commonwealth of religion and morals, he was always at 
home, and always the right man in the right place. [Applause.] 
Father Mathew was recognized and received with honor by the 
constituted authorities of the United States, and was thus in some 
respects of us, as he was in all respects with us, in love of the faith 
and enforcement of the practice of our church. The figure of 
Archbishop Carroll on the group will strike all eyes and warm all 
hearts. It is the effigy of a great American of Irish descent; a 
man who sacrified a princely patrimony that he might be qualified 
by poverty for the holy office of a priest of the Catholic Church, 






anil offering the pr ice, 

anil th that clu 

■ unselfishness and 
lot t ic fulfilment ol 

in :i neighborii 
•i that work he succeeded in th and no 

v neutrality when hostile man- 
al to the h • A m< i 

John Carroll, ire et venerabile nomet, J 
• Bi ihop ol the Church in the Ur 
Ere his virtues and ; \n 1 

his statue in the pr ip will show ho one 

the instruments thai in expressing the gratitude of the 

country and the church. 

Commodore John Barry lived in his native county, in V 
I, in Ireland, until he was fourteen or fifteen years 
when he came to this country and served an apprenticeship to 
1 crty and Indepi , and then became an efficient ma 

rkman. He may :en the first conn in the 

Un I I ictually spoken of as the father 

our na jure more remains to be noticed. It is that 

Charta of our ; 
. that name is r 
that fixed an awful responsibil 
anil pledged honor, fortune, and 1 the achieven that 

which t ument declared, anil that solemn j fully 

particulars — unsullied hoi 
imn irtune, and a lite in which p ind its exponent in 

unsullied purity. An i Me, in \\\, it name the p! 

honor anil fortune and lite v. in accepting it to 

have rt. ■ | ion in which it 

the honor remained ur. smirched by a sinqle act unworthy a Chris- 
tian gentleman. 

The wealth that seemed sacrificed by a public ofFeri 
merited in aim is prop and the life that 

Ught as ie country's good, was, like the pro- 

o fieri tig i>; the II i Patriarch, i the all 

It was protract >nd the ordinary limits of human life, so 

that Chirks Carroll, of (<'.i- i to his I 

the country, and the church, and honored with the illu 

•UTS." 

i he monument re to-day is to ' .1 in 



98 CE/.F.KKATIOtf OF THE MXETV-MNTH AVXH'ERSARY 

no spirit o( ^sion. It challenges no criticism on itself or 

comparison wirh others. It presents tor perpetual rememHrance 
the effigies and the names of Catholic men who have been true to 
the religious principles which they avowed, and to the moral and 
political sentiments wh ch they professed, and who have done 
honor to the church by the benefits they conferred on the 
country, and who, by enabling us to connect their names 
with our religion, have supplied to us irrefragable proof 
the assertion that C.itholicitv is friendly to individual freedom 
and promotive of National Independence. 

Side by side with Franklin was priest Carroll, found most 
faithful among the faithful in assisting to establish that indepen- 
dence which the layman had declared and signed, and for which 
the priest had labored and prayed. 

Side bv side with Cadwalader, and enriched bv the commenda- 
tion of Washington, was Barry, doing service to his country, and 
reflecting honor on his ere, 

We enjoy the benefits of their labors, their sacrifices, and their 
virtues, and it is our boast that the nation gratefully recognizes 
its obligations to them. 

We present these men, not for party nor denominational tri- 
umph — we present them as distinguished among those who kept 
alive the flame of patriotism by coals from the Catholic altars. 
We show bv their fame that, at the hour of our national birth, 
and in the intensity of the sufferings of that hour, no class of 
citizens were more true to the nation's interests than were the 
professors of the Catholic faith — no nations were more liberally 
helpful in our revolutionary exertions than the Catholic powers. 

Our monument is not to proclaim disrelish of those who difter 
from us in creed or religious opinion. It will bear no record of 
injuries received or of wrongs imputed. It is a monument of 
love for temperance and respect for truth. A permanent record 
of glorious services and undying gratitude. It shall be the boast 
of those who rear this monument, and the testimony of those 
that shall admire its beauties and feel their Esthetic influence that 
it is a constant witness to faith and a record of veracity. Most 
un ike the infamous slander which is found 

Where Lond in column pointi >^ics 

Like a tall bully lift* it-, head and lic^. 

I have said that the column and sculpture for which we are 
now preparing, are expressive of no aggressive spirit, and are, we 



OF AHER:. - 



99 



hope, never to be used as such. They will stand a record of 
what the Catholics have done morally and politically — but will 
not intimate that others have left such works undone. Thev 
present a separate interest in a common claim. 

And now, gentlemen of these Catholic Associations, as I have 
referred to the principles upon which you are united, and have 
endeavored to explain what are and what are not vour objects, 
heir with me a moment while I use a privilege of age, and refer 
delicately — I hope not offensively — iot to what you have done, 
but rather to what you have neglected. 

The Declaration of Independence, which we celebrate, declares 
all men born free and equal, and the Constitution savs positively 
that religious opinions shall work no disqualification for public 
position, yet in various States their constitutions made Catholic- 
ity a bar to civil rights ; and in almost all communities peop'e of 
our creed have been made to feel an undesirable difference of 
estimate between themselves and others. I stop not now to 
consider these disqualifying State laws or social ordinances. N 
man secures social position by simple assertion of his deservings, 
while men and societies have perpetuated upon themselves unde- 
served ostracism by failing to manifest their deservings and 
lecting to act as if they felt the equality wnich they desired to 
enjo\ . 

Before you my fellow-citizens and fellow-Catholics, is the 
arena or political contest. Enter it, not as Catholics, but as 
citizens. Onward and upward is the path to social distinction. 
i id it, not as those who demand, but as those who deserve, 
and by deserts can attain the goal. Before vou, and around you 
are churches of your own denomination — God be thanked for 
that — the greatest of all privileges. Vou enter those churches, 
not as athletes contending tor prizes or demanding rights, but as 
suppliants for grace. Men may challenge your qualifications for 
•ical distinction and you may lose what you regard as a 
right. Men may darken the pathway even of your social prefer- 
ence, and you may be compelled to concede, because in all that 
is secular, right may often DC yielded to adverse circumstances. 
But between your conscience and your Go.i there can be no con- 
cession, no compromise. And, thank God, between the obedi- 
ence to that conscience and to the Constitution of the Union 
there is no legal hostility. 

It has been said that religious prejudices have connected them- 
selves with social and political estimate, and the Catholic is not 



100 CELEBRATJON OF THE NINETY-NINTH ANNIVERSARY 

able to enjov that equality which is guaranteed by the Constitu- 
tion. The Constitution guarantees to certain men the i 

hold any office to which they may be called; but it does no: 
guarantee to them the certainty of bein^ called either by election 
or appointment. And there are some who are bitter in t 
invective at non-appointment — who may in time learn that they 
have lost nothing by want of office, and what is rather mortify- 
ing — office has lost nothing tor want of them. [Laughter and 
applause.] 

Is it place and distinction that are desired? Thev are achiev- 
. The vast favorable difference notable between the conditi 
abilities and liberty of Catholics now and that forty y« >, is 

not the (jrace of our fellow-citizens of other creeds. It is the 
presentation of qualities backed by numbers; and experience 
shows that if the Catholic who seek public favor, seek it upon 
merit manifested by proper display, and does not ask th 
or impute a triumph to denominational distinction, he is as likely 
to be successful as another. lie must have patience. We h 
to encounter prejudices, my friends and brethren, we know it 
and we feel it. But prejudices are not beaten down by violence; 
in time thev vanish before proofs that they are unjust. 

We live in a community whose integral parts lack entire r 
ious homogeneousness. It is wise in us so to live, that the 
elements of social lite may not be disturbed by unnecessary dis- 
ement. The rule of social life in this country, is this, and to 
Catholics it is a friendly ami important rule: " Learn the rights 
of others, and respect them. Acquire a knowledge of your own 
rights, and when necessary proclaim them." The occasion will 
lom occur when you will hare to defend them. When this 
necessity shall arise, the Bar will present the defence, and the 
Bench will decide the case. 

Ami the Bar and the Bench are attainable, and occupied in part 

by Catholics, and made illustrious by them, and the ure.it and the 

J of all denominations, before whom the righteous of all 

Is may come and be assured of Justice, and the offender of 

no creed be received with mercy. 

Gentlemen of the Catholic Benevolent Societies, you are sum- 
moned to be and appear at this place on the Fourth of July, 
1870, and you or vour successors annually thereafter tor centu- 
] I etc, catching inspiration from t.iC memorials of temper- 
ance, reliyion and patriotism, you shall unite hand in hand in the 
solemn renewal of the pledge of fidelity to the free institutions 



101 

of our common countrv, and heart in heart in thank • to , 

the common God, that He lias made perpetual and general, the 

sing of entire freedom in the pursuit of human happin 
and equal freedom in the exercise of Divine worship. 

The cheers which at times interrupted the speaker's remarks 
were so loud and continuous that when he resumed, it was difficult 
itch the opening sentences. As he returned to his seat the 
cheering was again and again reneu 

The President now introduced Dr. Michael O'Hara, to the 
audience, then retiring, handed to the Very Rev. Dean Byrne, a 
;* the latter came forward and presented this emblem of 
labor to the Doctor who receiving it addressed the Dean as fol- 
lows : — 

Mr. President : In the legend of K : rnion and the 

blacksmith, which has been so well r by our fellow- 

townsman — the Mechanic of" Philadelphia — it is related that 
duril eat ceremonial on the completion of the temple a black- 

smith went boldly into the 1. ilace and 

the throne. The guards would have slain him for the sacrilege, 
but the kin lis hand, sa It is h ; 

Without the blacksmith the temple had been impossible. Let 
labor have the first p. So Mr. President when you put into my 

hand this emblem of labor I feel that vou do me the h i li 
honor, tor you not only make me the representative or that labor 
which the v> did so highly estimate, but vou place also in 

my hands the only sceptre which the creat dav we celebrate has 

in our land. The time, the purpose — gives and requires few 
When labor bi irk eloquence ceases. Rather, 

it is itself the highest eloquence. It is what Di 
first and its List requisite — action. It deliberates not; it does. 
Ir first puts its shoulder to the wheel and then appeals t 

r all and before all comes the spade of the laborer; it .. 

first garden of" the earth, and it will dig the last grave; it 
hollowed out the first cave for the barbarian, and will dig the 

■ 
., \i I ' . 
1 li l|ili!a in breal t t"r die < 

nt Park J It i under the di 

■ in, a member ot die organization. 



102 CELEBSAJiOS OF THE NINETY-NINTH AySlVFRSiRY 

foundations of the future civilization of the human race. I aa 
this symbol, and as the hour requires, begin the work, [then de- 
scending from the platform the Doctor entered the enclosure of 
Me site, and amid tumultuous cheering planted his spade in the 
earth and turned over a sod ; addressing the officers and a<; 
ence he continued] : Brothers of the Catholic Total Abstinence 
Union of America, the work begins, which, by your willing hearts, 
the centurv's new dawn shall greet completed, [turning a second 
sod he continued] : Here labor begins a work for the raising of 
the people to a higher sense of the great mission of art in refining 
the desires and passions of human nature; a witness-stone of de- 
votion to that cause to which we have pledged ourselvts — a cause 
upon which the perpetuity of the institutions of this our l.ind so 
largelv depends. [Applause.] We build here a monument to 
the great dead of the earth, canonized by the hearts of the people. 
[Amid great applause. Changing his position slightly, and 
more directly facing the assemblage, he turned over a third sod, 
then raising his voice until it could be heard clearly bv the whole 
assemblage he concluded] : May this be an imperishable memorial 
of vour faith in God, your attachment to this Republic, and your 
love to your fellow-men. 

Loud and prolonged cheering greeted the conclusion of the 
gentleman's remarks. The band playing in a spirited and ad- 
mirable manner "the Red White and Blue." 

This piece concluded, Father O'Reilly was next introduced by 
President Campbell, and received a hearty welcome in a round 
of boisterous cheers. He said: — 

M \. President, Gentlemen of the Catholic Total Abstinence 
iety : "Hope long deferred maketh the heart suk" is an 
. but the anticipation of success maketh the soul glad. 
We all rejoice on this great day. We feel that it is good for us 
to be here. We all exult that at last we see the beginning of the 
tnd of a grand undertaking, which for ages to come is to com- 
memorate our faith as men, as citizens, as Cathol 

As Si iritual Director of the Arch-diocesan Catholic Total 
Abstinence Union, I am proud to be here with you on this 
grand Anniversary of our Independence, and to see so many 
thousands assembled to celebrate the day in a manner so appro- 
priate to our character as men and citizens; but prouder still 



OF AMERICAS ISPEFESDENCE. I O3 

will I be to join with vou, a vear hence, in the grand solemnities 
which we trust in God will then take place on the same spot, to 
dedicate to our faith and country the work we this day lu-^in. 

Gentlemen, we have good cause to be proud of the part we are 
taking in this testimonial. It is not merely a grand Fountain 
with which we, as Catholic temperance men, wish to adorn this 
jnificent Park — no, gentlemen, our offering is that ot a mem- 
orial, which shall teach a two-fold lesson — a lesson to the present 
generation, and a lesson to posterity. To the present generation, 
the Fountain will tell of the gratitude we feel tor the many 
benefits and blessings guaranteed to us by the Declaration of 
Julv 4th, 1776, and our glorious Constitution of i _s ^. Relig- 
ious liberty, freedom of conscience, the right to worship God 
untrammelled by State interference — this is the glory of our 
charter of r. ind as American Catholic citizens, we wish to 

laim, in i8-6, in a lasting manner, our gratitude to our 
American Catholic forefathers, who, in the War of the Revolu- 
tion, from 1775 down, obtained tor us this ureat blessing. 

1 -ntlcmen, no one of us feels that he is a stranger here in 
this land. As long as the names of Columbus, Las Casas, Mar- 
quette, Calvert, Bishop Carroll, Charles Carroll of Carrollton, 
Commodore Birrv | host of leaders of the War of the 

R . olution, of the War of iS 12, of the Mexican War, and of 
our late terrible struggle, must be recorded on the p our 

history — as long as the records ot the Jesuit, Franciscan, Domini- 
can, and other religious orders, must tell us of the heroic la 
ut the real pioneers of civilization in our widely a 

the names of San Francisco, St Louis, St Augustine, 
and a thousand other cities, rivers, etc., are written in our geog- 
raphy — in a word, as lon_' as Truth remains Truth, we, as 
jrican citizens, can claim that we do but enter into the por- 
tion of our inheritance for which our Catholic labored 
and bio .id suffered as freely and as heroically as 
did any of their fellow-citizens. This Fountain will proclaim 
that not merely as citizens, but as Catholic cit zens, I 1 . ever 
i our htarts the memory of their I 

role thev played in the h: >f these I 

• in veneration, and may serve for the 
I instruction of all who now enjoy the : 

Io posterity our Fountain will tell, first and t 
>f the grand Catholic temperance movement which, like 
the grain of n :, planted in 1871, introduced into 



10+ CELEBRATION OF THE N1NETY.N1NTH ANNIVERSARY 

Philadelphia in \^~i, beginning with Tour or five members, 
spr the whole country and throughout the Canadian Con- 

federacy, became a vast tree, and sheltered hundreds of thousands 
of men from th . and the evil effects of the cursed vice of 

intemperance. It will tell of the hundreds of societies who 
ied to contribut mite to erect this memorial in thanks- 

the signal manifestation of God's grace in favor of our 
ration. It will tell you all, and your children, and childrt. 
children, to remember this grand temperance movement. 

Bur Mr. President and gentlemen, my time warns me to stop, 
lure meml ivernment of the Union of 

America, with its very Rev. President, Dean l'vrne, who have come 
here to testify that this work, which heretofore was but one of local 
interest, has been endorsed by the while glori I I . A. 

America. And when I s:iv that as Spiritual Director 
of our splendid Arch-diocesan Union, I could have no more 
plea ik to perform than to welcome the v Presi- 

dent ai : of Government of the Union of America here 

liny as they do, officially to fulfil so patriotic a mis- 
sion, I feel 1 do but express the sentiments of you all, when I bid 
them a thousand welcomes. 

Gentlemen, it is with the greatest pleasure I introduce to you 
the Wry Rev. Dean l'vrne. 

Amidst the cheers of welcome of the surrounding multitude, 
and the strains of the Holy Family Hand playing "All hail to 
the ( Rev. 1'. crick Byrne, President of the C. I . \. Union 

America, advanced to the front of th . and was announced 

by President Campbell: Ladies and gentlemen, it is with great 
pleasure that I introduce to you to-day the Very Rev. Dean 
Byrne, of Trenton, N. J., President of the Catholic Total 
Abstinence Union of America. [Renewed demonstrations of" 
welcome.] 

eing partly restored, Father Byrne spoke as follows: — 

G ntlemen of the clergy and laity, officers of the Board of 

Government of the Union of America, and of the Union 
Philadelphia, and my very dear friends: lo you all 1 cannot 
but return my meed of thanks for the hearty and kindly recep- 



Of AMERICAN r 



i have given me, simply upon my representative charac- 
ter, in that, I am connected with an association which has proved 
- very I u, ami is very dear to you. It 1 

know that when any <»ne comes among you hearing the stamp 
and character of thai '', he cannot fail to meet a hearty 

i. [Applause.] I have come here on this occasion 
ry well know, I am a great advocate of water. 
[La ism.] And I would be clad if the thous- 

of money that are expended in ercr 
es tor purposes of sin would all he expended in build- 
which would commemorate not merely the tri- 
ll country in achieving its liberties and artair 
the Centeni .nee, hut in order that 

that prosperity might be extended until time immemorial, 
through thi thy water drinking. [Great applause.] 

heartily in sentiment with the officers and 

i these. \ r-ch-diocesan Union of Philadelphia in 

this work ; and as they have generously undertaken to carry the 

burden of it alone, I say, in behalf of the Union of America, 

that thev shall not he permitted to do so. [Great cheerinL'.l 

It is not merely a work of local interest, it is a work of public 

interest. It not onlv to commemorate a great event in 

the history of this wonderful countrv, hut it begins to-day a 

marked era in the triumphant success of the work of Total 

rice. It will he a proclamation to people yet unborn, of 

this day have done in this respect, in the 

Libert) ll and fidelity with which they have 

red, to make the i tins land worthy of that great 

birthright of I hich was procured for them by the heroes 

oft tlution. 

I repeat th. I not be alone, gentlemen: and though we 

have not yet spoken, our voice, when we do speak, will be 
uttered in clear and unmistakable tones [applause], and our 
words not merely those of hollow interest, but followed hv deeds, 
so that we may all have the honor of bearing a portion of the 
burden this gn intain, and Philadelphia not be 

left to monopolize all the glory of it. ewed a] 

I have come late, my t hut I do not come unaccompa- 

I have the honor to escort hither from the city in which I 
have the happiness to i r of a hero of the Revolu- 

tion — Miss Sallie Smith Stafford. [Cheers.] 



106 CELEBRATION OF THE MSETY-S1STH ANS1VERSARY 

[In appreciation of the hearty welcome with which the an- 
nouncement of her presence was received by the assemblage, 
Miss Stafford here came to the front of the stage and bowed her 
acknowledgments.] 

This lady is here at mv sucgestion, not merelv because she 
represents in sentiment and in person the spirit of the heroes of 
the Revolution, or because of her intimate connection with that 
remarkable period in the history of America, but she is here 
principally because her lather had the distinguished honor of 
serving in the Bon Homme Richard, and also in the ship Alliance, 
under that redoubtable hero, Commodore Barrv, whose memorv 
vou propose to honor by a statue in the adornment of your 
Fountain. 

In the possession of this lady are several most interesting and 
valuable mementoes of the history of our Revolutionary struggle, 
and these I have brought with me as appropriate to this patriotic 
occasion. One of rinse is the first American flag* ever unfurled, 
that of the ship Bon Homme Richard. In that remarkable ai 
perate naval conflict which made the name of the vessel historic, 
this flag was shot awav, but was recovered before the sinking of 
the vessel by the father of Miss Stafford, who jumped into the 
sea after it, and was in the act of replacing it in its position when 
cut down by an officer of the enemy, and so disabled as to carry 
the marks of his wounds, many years after, to the gra\ 

This flag, ladies and gentlemen, as you see, has upon it only 
twelve stars. I would like vou to understand that the miss 
star is not that of New Jersey. [Great laughter.] The star that 
is absent is the star of Rhode Island, and it is absent, not from 
any lack of patriotic motive and action, but because that State 
dreaded the terrible conflict which the colonists were about to 
undergo against " the parent country," as it is called — whether a 

* The flag is about three and a half yards long, and tm ind five inches * 

I -glish bunting, and is sewed with hempen or flaxen thr; .1 

it- blue union, and thirteen str ed and white The 

are arranged in four parallel lines, with three- !ine. The 

d times loaned for display. It was exhibited at the gl 
in N< the great I 

N I , in 1861. A piece was cut from the fly of the flag, at the beginning of the 

e direction ■ iffbrd, the mother of the p '. to Presi- 

dent Lincoln, who suitably acknowledged the | 

evidence of its great age. Its 
cctcd with many demonstrations of patriot 



Of iMMRICA '07 



good or a bad parent is another matter [laughter] — and, while 
ing in the general struggle in the day of disaster, Rhode 
Island preferred for a time to he alone. This being the first flag 
of the times, the star of that State, for this reason, was not inclu- 
ded with those of the others. Afterwards, in the day of victory, 
she joined the rest in perpetuating those liberties for which she 
had struggled as valiantly as any. 

I have here another interesting relic, though it is hardly one 

fit for a clergyman to present. It is a sword taken from the ship 

ance, and one with which, it is related, Commodore Barry 

himself struck many lusty blows for Freedom's cause. [Cheers.] 

It bears upon it some evidences of having received a pretty 
good hacking, and is not so delicate in its proportions as are 
many swords that we see in these days. It is Revolutionary — 
every bit of it. It shows that the men who wielded the sword in 
those days, possessed not only pluck, but a good share of bodily 

tor. 

[The sword referred to, an old fashioned one, of large pattern, 
and rusty with age, was here exhibited.] 

Having with these few remarks introduced to you this estima- 
ble lady, Miss StarTor 1, wd returning my sincere thanks to you, 
and to the Arch-dioce^an Union of Philadelphia, for the compli- 
ment conferred upon me, I have but one other matter to present, 
and that is an autograph letter of recommendation to the father 
of Mi»s Stafford from Commodore B.irrv. It is in the hand- 
writing of the great American, an ;ven to the recipient as 
a testimonial ot his valor and efficient service, and as an honora- 
ble discharge from the navy of his country. It recounts his 
meritorious services, and recommends him as an able, trust- 
worthy, and loyal Captain. This document with the rest is 
preserved with tender care by those who appreciate at their full 
;e and wish to perpetuate these memorials of the Revolution. 
I hev have honored us by bringing them here to revive the 
memories of that remarkable period of the national history, and 
to induce vou to continue to preserve by honorab 
those liberties which were achieved for you with so much of per- 
sonal sacrifice and heroism. [Long continued ap: 

[The letter here referred to, enclosed in a frame, * 
i interest by many of those present] 



I08 CELEBRATION OF THE \RY. 

Jam s W. O'Brien, General Secretary of the Catholic T. A. 
Union of America, being present, was introduced by President 
Campbell. I le said : — 

My Friends: As an officer of the Union of America, it is 
not necessary that I should make a speech. The speech that 
has iust been made by the head of that Union, mv superior 
r and official chief, fills the whole field. [Applause.] It is 
a speech that will i throughout the land, and generate 

responsive sentiments from the Atlantic to the Pacific seaboard. 
( )n hearing these generous words of our Reverend President, 
our brothers everywhere will, with one acclaim, crv out God 
:d to the Catholic Total Abstinence Union; long live its 
R verend President, and success to the Philadelphia Centennial 
Monument. [Applause.] Hut I stand here, as a citizen* of the 
metropolis, | thai New York is most eager for the success 

of the Philadelphia enterprise. Her Total Abstinence Societies 
and yours are a unit in all that affects the glory of the Church, 
the welfare of the country, and the extension far and wide of the 
blessings of total abstinence. Her temperance men are your 
brothers. If these are tsvo cities which were thought to be dis- 
affected the one to the other, let the thought forever be dismissed. 
We are one in faith, one in race, one in heart, one in loyal 
devotion to the interests of the great Catholic organization of the 
. — the Total Abstinence I u [Applause.] 

These two cities of the Past, with two millions of American 
citizens, are united in honoring the heroes of the Revolution. 

They are united in proclaiming the generous principles of tem- 
perance, and when New York and Philadelphia clasp hands tor 
_;ood a cause, there is no power in the prejudices or the social 
habits of the land that can long withstand their combined force. 
[Applau inur labor we regard with brotherlv in ten 

Struggles are ours, and when the day of your triumph comes, the 
she ladness coming from the banks of the Delaware will 

be taken up on the banks of the Hudson, and re-echoed back 
with the exultant fervor ot a genuine Irish hurrah. [Cheers.] 

At the conclusion of Mr. O'Brien's remarks, the audience 
dispersed. 



MACHINERY HALL. 



Tins structure is located west of the intersection of Belmont and Elm Avenues, at a 
distance of 541 feet trom t!ie west from of the Main Exhibition Building, an 
from the north side of Elm Avenue. The north fiont of the building will be upon the 
same line as that 01 the Main Exhibition building, thus prcsciitiiij; a ttuntage of 3.824 
feet from the east to the west enda of the Exhibition Buildings upon the ptincipal avenue 
within the grounds. 

The building Main Hill, 360 feet wide by 1.401 feet long, and an 

annex on the south side of 108 feel by 210 feet. The entire area covered by the Main 
II and annex is 558,440 square feet, or 12. 81 acres. Including the upper Hoots the 
building provides 14 acres of Boor space. 

The principal portion of the structure is one sturv in height, showing the main cornice 
Upon the outside at 40 feet from the ground, the interior height to the top of the ventila- 
tors it. the avenues being 70 feet, and in the aisles 40 feet. To break the long lines upon 
the exterior, projections have been introduced upon the four sides, and the main cnti 1 
finished with tirades, extending to 78 feet in height. The east entrance will I'm 111 the 
principal approach from the Main Exhibition Building, and from the street cars. 
Along the south side will be placed the boiler houses and such other buildings tor 
special kinds of machinery as may be required. 

The arrangement of the ground plan ihowi two main avenues, 90 feet wide by 1,360 
feet long, with a central aisle between and an aisle on either side. Each aisle is 60 feet 
in width ; the two avenues and thiee aisles making the total width At the 

centre of the building is a transept of 90 feet in width, which at the south end is proh- 

Main Hall. This transept beginning at 36 lect from t lie Main II 1 
extending 20S feet, is flanked on either side by aisl:s of 63 feet in width, and tonus the 
annex t I hydl nilic machines. The promenades in the avenues aie 15 feet in width ; in 
the transept 25 feet, and in the aisles 10 feet. All other walks exterl ■ the 

building are to tect in width, and lead at either end to exit doors. 
(no) 



o/- amf.i, can i\nF.rt\nt i i i 



tin-; i-vu; oviavk co\Vi;i;t. 



The Concert given at four o'clock, in Machinery Hall, by the 
"Choral Combination," and the Orchestra of the Centennial 
M isica Association, was one of the most successful and enjoy- 
able of the series of entertainments provided for the day. The 
Choral Combination was composed of nearly six hundred ladies 
and gentlemen, representing the following named Philadelphia 
Societies, viz.: The Choral branch of the Centennial Musical 

iciation ; Handel and Havdn Society; Vocal Union; 
Society ; Philadelphia Oratorio Society ; West Philadelphia 
Choral Society ; and Mannerchor. Professors William Wol- 
sieffer and Jean Louis were its Musi il Directors. The Orches- 
tra, numbering fifty-five performers, was led by Mr. Simon 
I I . ^ler. 

There was an immense audience at the Children's Concert in 
the morning; but the numbers were nearly doubled in the after- 
noon. Long before the singers took their places on the s' 
the vast building was fairly packed in every spot within sight 
or hearing of the performers; and the discomforts and annoy- 
ances that are inevitable in such a throng, were borne with the 
characteristic good nature of an American crowd. The audience, 
des being immense in numbers, was brilliant in appearance ; 
and a view, from the stage, of the acres of upturned faces, was a 
sight not easily forgotten. 

A few minutes before four o'clock, the members of the Chorus 
left the offices of the Hoard of Finance, where they had assembled, 
and took their places on th< 

P mptlv at four o'clock the Concert was begun, with the per- 
formance, by the orchestra, of Leutner's "Festival Overture;" 
and the audience at once became quiet and attentive. Then the 
choral part of the programme was initiated by the first public 



112 CEIEHKATIOS OF THE A AKV 

performance of a new National Hymn, "God bless our Native 
Lai mposed by Pi if. Albert G. Em ri .. of this citv. 

I I by Mr. Louis, the Chorus sang this verv meritorious com- 
position in a most effective manner. Mr. Wolsieffer then t 
the baton, and Barnby's " March or the Men or Columbia" 
sung in fine style. It was received with immense applause, and 
was immediately re-demanded. A serena rood Night, my 

e," written by Mr. Adam Geibel, a distinguished pupil of 
the Pennsylvania Institution for the Blind, was then su 
duo, by the female voices alone, under the direction of Mr. 
Louis. It was given with a rich and beautiful volume of tone, 
ami was heartily encored. 

The serenade was followed by Millard's " Our Nation's Song," 
by the full Chorus; after which the orchestra per: 
beer's magnificent " Marche aux Flambeaux." The next num- 
ber on the programme was Kinkel's "Farewell, B Maid;" 
a chorus tor male void ur parts-, without accompaniment. 
Under the direction of Mr. V Per, it was sung with threat 
accuracy and expression, and was encored. II i\ [n's grand cho- 
rus, "The Heavens are Telling the Glorv of God," was then 
sung with striking effect. Some pleasing selections of Strauss' 
music were then performed by the orchestra; after which, Ros- 
sini's attractive and melodious chorus, " Mail to Thee, Liberty," 
was sun^. The concluding numbers were the orchestral perform- 
ance of the Introduction and Wedding march from "Lohengrin;" 
Mo/art's " G.oria in Excelsis," by the Chorus; and the overture 
to " William Tell," performed by the orchestra. 

All the music, vocal and instrumental, was rendered in such a 
manner as to command the approval of the most critical musical 
ears ami judgments. The singers showed careful training, sang 
witl; method and expression, and gave abundant evidence 

of the fact that Philadelphia can raise a powerful and first class 
Chorus, even under unfavorable circumstances and at short 
notice 

Much to the surprise of all, the hall, although covering so 
much space, proved to have remarkably fine acoustic qualities. 






'3 









tin-: r.Ai.i.iW .\sci:\'sii>\s 

.\ I IRD A IDGE. 



\ ■ t of the d • the three 

■ the W ■ im fi > n " I he Gi u R 

nue Bridge. I lie inflai mm at an early hour, and until 

i 



I 1 4. CELF.HRATIO.S- OF THBi iftY 

the ascenr, kept a crowd of visitors at the Bridge; this crowd t 

tiiiued increasing, until, at the hour or" five, it had covered the 

entire Bridce, and the slope of Mt. Sidney to the Set: . ird 

House; a dense mass of people required the continuous service of 

the Park Guard around " The Great Rock." In the discretion 

Aeronauts by the Committee, Miss Ihling ascended at 

5-45, and the two others simultaneously at 5-50. The details of 

the ascent are given in reports to the Committee by the Aeronauts. 

M:ss Ihling relates her mishap with much insouciance; Master 

n makes a capital representative of young America; while the 

ran pennat - rene coolness and at homeness, as 

he looks about in the air, with pjternal sober r his rl 

s, and swoops down to rescue the fluttering dove, is remark- 
ably characteristic and interesting. 

Miss Ihling reports: — 

A little enjoyment of the upper air is as good for the woman 
as the man, and if, as the sequel of my trip will show, there 
a little rough and tumble in the outcome, the public will pardon 
me in that part when I tell them it was a peculiar experiment by 
an inexperienced hand. 

My ascent was rapid, but as smooth and graceful as the e.. 
flight. I waved my flag in r to the salutations ot the 

of thousands ot people who cheered me upward and onward. 

When I had attained the height of 7033 feet my ea m to 

ache a little from the thinness of the upper air, and I made up 
my mind to come down a few thousand feet, so that I could 
enjov the beautiful scenery below, the more. I made an effort at 
drawing open the valve, but found it to stick very fast, and I 
gave it up, because I was afraid that something was wrong in its 
fixtures. 

Now, I took a general survey of the scenery below, and, as my 

eves r.m over the Park, it seemed as thouuh the world wis .1 

it beehive. Clusters ot human beings here and there and 

everywhere. Gira' ue Bri a bridge of beings, ot 

living beings, all huddled together, struggling for room and air. 

,1 tried my valve. This tune I pulled a little 
harder, and tly I felt as though I was caught in a whirl- 



1 15 



wind, and lifted up suddenly. I threw a sheet of paper over- 
ind ir shot upwards past tl liately a 

rus 1 ie was heard, like the noise nado. Now came 

a violent surge. I looked up at the "( !th" to see 

what was the matter, a that she was bii e I 

could think much it made such a violent plu that 

adrr I crouch in the car, hoi 1 to both sides 

life. \ ■ '• im mother plunge ami a twist, and I really 

in to think that there were such things as demons of the air, 

that one had fished me up to devour me. Really, I must 
confess that I got a little scared about the marter. 

While I had been taught to relieve a violent concussion of 

1 and balloon car by thro ne's main weight upon the 

ltraid to resort to this on account of the 

ful swings the car was making everv moment, so I concluded 
I would rather take the risk of a thump from morher earth than 
run the risk overboard, and so I finally landed on 

the farm of John M. Mayne, Twei >nd and Clearfield, 

stunned to ins- mometrs. Mr. Mayne and 

his kind wife thou :, but I did not believe them, 

^oon as tl: with cold water. In thirty 

minutes after my landing I was busily engaged in packing up mv 
aerial paraphernalia, .1- Mr. Mayn to drive me to ray 

home. On my return I sought out the cause of this premature 

osion, and found it in the ent ient of the valve cord 

. that int 'or the expli 

in the . and these cords were 

kinkv. While I think l great help in bal- 

looning, I never intended experimenting with it in mid-air; but 
now, since it so happened, I would not hesitate to re: is I 

would not become alarmed over the manner in which a ball 
capers when it is subjected solely to the action of gravity, and a 

>ting medium. 
I have, however, made up my mind that the novc' plo- 

ding balloons in mid-air belongs to the sterm lies 

should trust more to the grappling iron and trail rope. 

It is a trite that " raint h lart never won fair lady," and 

1 think that . can best win faint heart by sliding over 

the meadows green with a trail rope, and, if needs be, a good 
anchor. 

LIZZIE [HLII 

■ 



CELEBK.i THK SISE1Y-S. 

John Wise, Jr., says: — 

I started from Promontory Rock, at the east end of Girard 
enue Bridge, in the balloon "Quaker City," at 5-48, making 

a fair start with my larger consort, the Republic, in which 
my urar and another gentleman. 

Being so close that we could converse together, I thought 
I would challenge them to a square race in 1 field, and 

called to them that I would go them 100 to 1 that I would 
heat them goinn up, staying up, an further than they 

lid, to which they replied that it was a "good bet even if 
they lo 

soon as the challenge was accepted I commenced to 

" unload," and at six o'clock my barometer marked 5000 feet 

ation. 1 now made a general ition, and the scene in 

the Park, with its immense multitude in all its varied col 

looked to me like a huge kale: ever changing 

ity, Girard Avenu \ with its human density, b 

the centre. It was a sight not often seen, and never to be for- 
n. 
r straining my eves in every direction, I at last cot a 
glimpse of my huge consort apparently wallowing in the "b 
dust" fir, fir beneath me. Mj spirits now b up 

r than the aerostat at the undoubted certaintv of my win- 
ning the bet, and I heaved overboard everything dispensable, 
r and faster, until at length 1 caught up to my 
spirits, the barometer marking 12,000 feet, and the thermome- 

ter I 

I now looked in vain for the other entries in the race, and I 

came to the conclusion that they were distanced, as I was fir 

ive the clouds, and the temperature too cool for comfort, with 

a ringing and buzzing in my head and ears, and the immense 

ity" lost to view, and a wide expanse of Jersey deso- 
lation looming up around me, and the race won without my steed 
sweating or blowing, I came to the conclusion that my put in 
the t»rand Ninety-ninth Celebration of American Independence 
might be brought to a close, which I did at 6-45, on the Blue 

midway between Bustleton and Holm- irriving 

back home at 10-30 in the evening, safe, sound, and hungry, but 
ready again to enter the lists against all 

UN WISE, the young . 



I I - 



John Wise, Following report : — 

eenerouslv given us a privilege to use our discre- 

I :e Ihlin 
later, I started in the Commonwealth, and 
I W :, in the Quaker 

\ nsions was the of the 

balloons immediately on their release from the earth. Th r 

the 
• 
had liberal I 

hailed little ' and he soon took the hint, and 

:r rapidly above the Com; - th. When he r 

ral thou I could plainly see his trail-r 

• 'ended, and so the air that I could even see 

: in the rope, i ry motion of the Liliputian aeror 

l heard him :tly hail us, a* h i cried out 

•j can't catch u| the wonderfu 

beneath me, but still I of my 

fellow v mile above the earth, I 

nor m the 

and an. I 

ball compl 

i, and then 

than a 
mile off), as gracefully 1 the ho 

•o the gi 

• 
over me, hurr: le alightc.i. I 

ir field. 
1 'ells her iiir; she certainly man 

vcrv well tor a novice with oded balloon. 

The i pictur- 

i ntenmal had 

are The tiny Build- 
lI Hall, ai rj the oth structures, standin. 

id in these groves a hun 
rer, beneath 
mount I mer 

n in picturesque tapestry. I 
glorious sight. I he purl: ;-nlet running under this br 

lent enchantment to the scene. , I never, in n 



nS 



CELEBRA. IERSaKV 



years of air sailing, beheld such a beautiful panorama. It seemed 
to me that there must be hundreds of thousands of human beii 
clustered together, to account for the animated nature seen from 
the balloon. 

I landed at Nicetown. Thence I sent off in the Common- 
wealth, my companion and pupil, who went up and off some ten 
miles further. On landing I I ind Lizzie, my niece, was not 
seriously damaged, in good spirits, and ready tor another sail. 
At 10 i". M., Master John came home smiling over the distancing 
he had given us. 

J (J UN WIS 

Mr. Charles Wise, by whom mast of the work on the ground 
done, desires the thanks of the Aeronauts returned, tor the 
v efficient service of the Park Guard. 






c 







ng 



n 



i;i:y 1 1 : \v 

or 

SCHUYLKILL NAVY. 



The review of the Schuylkill Navy, which was to have taken 

place at 5 o'clock, was postponed until 6. At that hour the 

following six-oared barges made their appearance at the starting 

point: Quaker City, Undine, Philadelphia, Malta, and Col- 

; the Quaker City, Undine, and Malta havin -s in 

the line. Commodore Ferguson was escorted over the water by 

a crew of the Philadelphia Club, in one of their elegant ha 

At the command, which was given by firing a pistol, the fleet 

rowed up stream from Turtle Rock, a distance of 100 yards, 

when they broke, four . ird, and the remaining four 

pulling to eastward. In this position the fleet pulled 

lily up to the Ciirard Avenue Bridge, where another break 

made, the boats goin^ east and west, and coming together, 

formed in line of battle. After rowing in this position for a 

short distance, the fleet broke, and deployed into a skirmish line. 

In this position the I ere pulled a short distance, \\ 

they doubled and rowed in pairs, the Commodore's boat pulling 

ward. On the way down stream an eight-oared shell 

belonging to the \ the fleet, and was saluted in true 

nautical style by the crews raising their oars. On Hearing the 

point the boats were put about, ami pulled along the 

ird shot LI • id from the Commo- 

1 into the channel, pissing the Com 

oat and sali' The next move was from east t 

the fleet rowinn direct ,v across the river. As they met in the 

mi, the crews saluted, the movement being made with precis- 

ion. From this position, the fleet formed in line of battle, and 



120 • VTH ANNIVERSARY 

when they had gained the channel were pulling together. The 
eight boats, including the Commodore's, which had a position in 
the centre, rowed abreast up the river to the Goose Pen, where 
they were dismissed. The review, although composed of very 
few barges, on account of the absence of many or the members 
from the citv, was a success, and the movements were well execu- 
ted. After the review, followed a six-oared race between the 
crews of the Quaker City, Undine, Malta, and College. The 
men selected were not the racing metal, vet the time made was 
good. The course decided upon was from the Goose Pen to 
Turtle Rock, a distance of one mile. After a short delay the 
boats were placed in position, and at 6-35 received the word go, 
the Malta taking a fine lead and pulling hard to maintain it, the 
Ouakers and Undine pulling abreast an J getting through the 
water at a lively pace, while the College bovs, who hail a mixed 
crew, brought up the rear. The positions remained unchanged 
until nearing the Girard Avenue Bridge, when the Undine 
spurted and passed to the front, with the Malta and Quaker 
Citv close on their heels. After the boats passed through the 
bridi^e, the Ouakers spurted, and with an altogetherpull gained 
the first place, which they maintained to the finish, winning the 
race by a length, the Malta second, Undine third, and College 
bovs last. After the boats had been housed, Commodore Fer- 
guson presented the winning crew with a beautiful blue silk flag 
bearing the words Schuylkill Navy, Fourth of July, 1875, 
Scrub Hag. 



OF AMU i 2 1 



T1IK V I ljKWOllKS 



The Celebration closed with the display of fireworks, in the 
i, near the Lincoln Monument, ordered by the ( 

Councils of Philadelphia. It would have seemed from the mul- 
titude that w.is congregated at the Centennial Grounds, that it 
would be quire impossible tor anything like as I ithering 

to witness the pyrotechnic display, but those who had entertained 
such a thought had fallen into an error. 

All appeared determined to enjoy themselves, and to bear with 
any of* the inconveniences and annoyances incident to such demon- 
ions. A - J-30, the Pyrotechnist announced the com- 
mencement of his programme by a flight of signal and honorary 
rockers, which were succeeded by a magnificent illumination of 
;i and crimson fires ; to this, succeeded the various pieces in 
their orde/, the programme being carried out in every particular, 
calling forth continually the plaudits of the p Among 

those which were particularly effective uere the " Tree of Lib- 
erty, " "A tribute to July 4th, 1S76," " Srar of the Union," 
and "The N mal coat-of-r ms." The conch; was 

the finest that has ever been seen in this city. ItWl 
of Independence and the Centennial," fully described in pro- 
gramme. 

In closing this part of the numerous attraction ,ted in 

commemoration of the nation's birthday, it should be stated that 
the river, lighted up as it was with brilliant lights, present; 
most magnificent appearance. For the first time, the numerous 
lamps upon the new bridge at Kairmount were illuminated, which 

i to the efl n the river, and afforded an opportui 

tor those who crowded the upper deck of the imposing structure 
to obtain a good view of the river and the fireworks. 



122 OF THE : VERSARY. 

Thus much for the pvric show. " Bur," writes one of the rcport- 
•' the people — " The immense space from the foot 

the basin to the base of Lemon Mill, and from the Reading 
Railroad to the Schuylkill, was packed so densely with them, that 
when the blaze of some immense firework lighted up the 
amphitheatre, it shone on one solid mass without gap or open 
space, a pel of heads in numbers incalculable.* The great 

city had literally emptied itself of inhabitants into this imme 
spa \ when the s over, and black dark: 

settled over all, the push and s for the gate of exit, and the 

rush for the street cars was tremendous, though happily good 
natured. Every street leading from the Park icked from 

house to house with a jam oi people moving homeward, throi 
which the street cars could actually, tor a time, make no headway, 
so that while the tii itrians envied the riders in the cars, 

they, in turn, were sick with sorrow that they were not on the 
street, where, if crowded to a shadow, one could at least move 
with the ma I or an hour and a half after the fireworks had 

finished, every one of the streets alluded to was about as den 
filled with masses moving homeward as at first, and at the hour 
the reporter quitted the scene (about IO-30 o'clock), itjooked as 
if there would probably be people yet coming home by the time 
the early carrier, tramps paper laden, hi lay." 



* No estimate waa made ol the people entering the grounds in the eveninj 
tree! un. 



APPENDIX 



FO KM O !•" I \ V I r A TIO N, 



[776-1876. 

■ \I\I. BOARD OF FINANi 

- 



We have Ibe honor to *\ ion- 

on will I in the Centennial Ini 

of the Ninty-niuth I Com 

\uu to U- present aiul 1 






124 CELf.fKATtO.V Of 7/tt sA/tr 



APPENDIX 2< 



repi »MMl i n:r. I I \ti<>\-. 

The occasion was rei 'miirehcnsive 

arrangement of transportation facilities to the Park from all sections of the 
and the surrounding countl 

The scheme submitted ami subsequently carried out included the service o. 

trains bythe Philadelphia and R ilroad to Belmont rect, 

mond* ^ Wharf, Manayunk, Falls of the Schuylkill and the 

Railroad trains to Centennial Buildings, 
from W :,ni ' Prill The 

Philadelphia, Wilmington and Baltimore Railroad, The Main Line and 
York Divisions of the Pennsylvania, and the North Pennsylvania Railr 

At Camden, regular and special trains of the Camden and 
connected with a train from Wil W irl I ' : Imont, and i the 

\in'.i\ Division ol svlvania Railroad, and of the V 

I Railroad connected with trains from Wash rf to the 

Centennial Buildings; in all cases through round trip excursion tickets were 
sold at a reduced rate. 

Free transportation was provided for the military, children of t! 
schools wlio sang in thi • •" in( l f" r the chorus oon 

The number taken, and the cost of their transportation, was as 

follows; 



Military 

ol Children, 
Chorus, 

rotal 

[| for the milil ve the depots at Richmond, 

id Prime.and Broad and Callowhill Streets, at 7.00 a. m., and ti 
turn at the close of the Review: the arrangement was earned out with preci 



.\ .. 






S=' 











Oh A 

ii line oil 

I by the i 

Richmond, 

ink, 
Falls of Schuylkill. . 

.... . . 

whill, ... .... 





The tr.msiiorl.il; 

the rem! 

Ti nation an le facilities, as follows: It 

understood that i! 

. il at the i 
All .lro.nl will run to 

nnial Bu 

rly. 

min' 

ij will • 

from 

■ k. 

reen 
:.ike the S.20 

ok. 

to the I'ark train of the I'hiladelp 

rill t.ike ll 
the comer of I 1 , retun 

inter ol Fifth and 
a. m., sharp. 

•rill run at K • 
1 in Hall. For th 
de. 1 hat can b 

the be.t that can be done. 



126 CELEBRATION OF THE :■ iERSARV 

Richmond, Tiroad 
\ m. And • nig num- 

vn : 

tnd Prim .......... 

.............. 

' ...... 

challvillr, 
, line unknown, .......... 



: 

VVe ons to t the Philadelphia 

and 

. 

lit the < 

with special tii <1 by the Committee, which tnent were g.»xl in 

any street or steam :, and wei *vs: 

FOUR l 11 OF JULY CELEBR 



I INI RID1 , on any line ol S I RE1 RS, 

ON JULY s th, 1875. 

D. 1 



I 1 BR \ I ION. 



ONI KIDE, on any line of STRE! ( \R\ 

'875- 

I FAIRMol Mi 

1 1 rORREY. 
kct. 

S JULY 5th, 






'27 



The (lcman'i 
for ii. early hour in the momin. ! the 

stret ■ to get on ning 

in tl. ilc to 

ihe [lutilic. The r the 

ndered by trams on the Philadelpl 
!. the in. 

that in the future, on i of like I 

acter, the irk should pi very 

'V minute 

.lllou'liill 



We • tim&te the number of ; to the Park entrances by the 

various lines of tr.i 



Philadelphia Iiimore Railroad, 

irf, 
From Camden, t Whirf, 

. 
I and Callcnvliill Street*, 
Richmond, ....... 



turn*, 



9'5 

150 



•nut and Walnut Street Line, 
Market ^ireet Line, .... 

itua and Fairmount Line, 
■ e and Pine Street Line, 
Green an. cet Line, 

cnue Line, .... 
n Line, ...... 



io,oco 

1 





D I 






128 CELEBRATIOX OF THE NINE! Y-S1ST1I ASSllERSARY. 



APPENDIX 



REPl >R I OF <\\1T. HIRST, I IF THE C0MMITT1 E ON 1 

TION AN] 1'loN. 

■ RV II ML. 

'l-n. 

Genera! ami StnfT, - i 

First B lc, 

........ 

.li'in, ...... . 14 

M>, 14 



1,773 

. 
Num [all, "ii the Boor, . . . . 1 

lipied by the au . . . . 1 <; ■; , r - 

With on allowance of two square feet for a person, we have the total, 

jo — which, together with those on I I of 

Hall at one timi tual numbers there ibly 

nsiderable , o cniKI j on the 

during the morni rt ; and the restaurant of 60 

entire length of 1 in of the build 

being well filled during the - I included in the estimate. 

Flags used in d< '/>*<)■ 

Coat- ol irnt ' ttes, ami of the United Si 

Bunting from the Naval Stations, United k 

The flags and bunting were furnished by the Secretary of the Navy and the 

■ l War of the United SI 

The Ice, of which two car loads thirty tons) were u-ed, was placed in four 
iron tanks, holding each fifty barrels. The expenses of the whole entertain- 
ment was home chiefly by voluntary contributions of the citizens and ci 
rations and societies of Philadel; 









APPEN D IX 4. 



[ASTEAl MRM01 






1,116 





















. . 








1 








1 




1 








. . . 






















' 










nuc 1 










. 












400 







By ! 



I 









9 












The report ol -> children 

to their | 
■ 

on at 7 v. 

CC ol the 

9 



• 3° 



VF.RSARY. 



APPENDIX 5. 



ORT OF THE 'ITAL SERVICE. 

■UAL OF 1111 TNNSYI.VANIA, 

LADELPH1A, J 
Mr. ' :;D, 

■ nial Board of Finance, 

goj ■■■/. PUlndti 

Dl irds a report ol the Hospital 'red on 

July 5th, . te only a brief account of the time served, an 
and 1 

Dr. ('iii . 1. Hunter and mi at 8 o'clock a.m.. 

on the grounds until 5 o'clock in the 
oon. 

;,■; Hospital ambulance was i-. atti idance to convey patients 
from different portions :k. 

.umber <>: • — n'.v of ■ re suffering 

from the effects of ex, the sun; as a littl ith a 

slight injury of the foot. 

• ■ 
ectfully, • 

WM. M. M VRTIN, M. 1>.. 

'a/, 
:i ttt. 



